Mechanics Terms
Terms
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- Angular Acceleration
- Rate of increase in angular velocity (velocity/time)
- Oscillation
- one complete to and fro of a vibrating object
- Tension force
- Force in object that opposes them being stretched
- Circular orbit
- an orbit that is circular
- Constant Speed
- Speed that stays the same
- Revolution
- One full circle (2π)
- Amplitude
- Maximum displacement from eqilibrium position during SHM
- Inelastic Collision
- Collision where kinetic energy is not conserved (some energy is converted to sound or heat etc)
- Extension of a spring
- How much a spring is extended (stretched of compressed) compared to its natural length
- Vector Components
- A vector seperated into vertical and horizontal components
- Pivot
- Point upon which an object turns or rotates
- Gravity
- 9.81msˉ² on earth force pulling towards the centre of mass
- Simple Harmonic Motion
- Repeated motion where force is always directed towards the equilibrium position
- Conservation of energy
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed
- Balanced forces
- two or more forces that cancel out
- Angular Momentum
- Mass x angular velocity for an object unergoing circular motion
- Kinetic Energy
- Energy created by movement
- Dampen
- Any effect causing loss of energy during SHM e.g. air resistance
- Universal Gravitational Constant
- 6.67x10ˉ¹¹ Used in the formula for Newton's Law on Univeral gravitation
- Gravitational Field Strength
- Symbol,g, strength of the gravitational field stength at a particular point
- Combined mass
- Sum of masses involved
- Radius
- Distance from centre of circle to edge
- Elastic collision
- Collision where kinetic energy is conserved
- Period
- For a particular vibration the time for one complete oscillation
- Change in momentum
- Momentum after minus momentum before
- Gravitational Potential Energy
- Energy stored in a gravitational field when an object is moved vertically or upwards
- Mass
- Amount of matter an object has
- Pendulum
- A mass tied to a piece of string
- Vertical Component
- Vector quantities can be seperated into two components at 90° to each other
- Horizontal Circle
- A circle that involves no gain or loss in gravitational potential energy
- Frequency
- Number of waves or oscillations per second
- Torque
- Turning force (not applied through the centre of mass)
- Angular frequency
- Frequency expressed in radian per second
- Unbalanced force
- Two or more forces that do not cancel out
- Energy
- A scalar physical quantity that is a property of objects which is conserved by nature
- Net force
- Sum of all the forces acting on an object (resultant force)
- Weight
- Mass x acceleration due to gravity
- Angular Displacement
- Angle an object rotates
- Impulse
- Change in momentum (Caused by an external force)
- Circular motion
- motion in a circle caused by a resultant force acting towards the centre of the circle
- Spring Constant
- Force required to extend or compress a spring by one metre
- Centripetal force
- Force requuired to keep an object moving in a circle
- Tangiental Velocity
- Velocity in a perpendicular direction to the centripetal force at a given instant
- Momentum
- Mass x velocity
- Weightless
- Apparent loss of weight of a body in freefall
- Force
- a push or pull in a particular direction
- Change in velocity
- Velocity after minus velocity before
- Equilibrium Position
- Where the mass wants to be in Simple Harmonic Motion
- Conservation of momentum
- Momentum before equals momentum after always
- Angular Velocity
- Distance travelled in a circle divided by time (idetical to angular frequency)
- Velocity
- Speed in a particular direction
- Rotational Inertia
- Measure of the reluctance of an object to change its rotation
- Collision
- Objects hitting each other
- Vector Addition
- Numerically add vectors by use of Pythagoras's Formula to calculate magnitude and direction
- Conserved
- Kept the same
- Vector Diagram
- Scale diagram to show magnitude and direction of vectors