Everyday Physics

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Net force≠0 net torque=0: rod with forces applied at opposite ends in the same direction
Archimedes' principle: The magnitude of a buoyant force on a completely or partially submerged object always equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Planck's constant h: 6.63 × 10-34 J s
Total momentum before collision: equals total momentum after collision
Electron and proton charge e: 1.6 × 10-19 C
Period: time required to complete one cycle
azX: z+n
pressure at depth h: p + density x g h
density of lead: 11,000 kg/m^3
Boltzmann's constant k: 1.38 × 10-23 J/K
Heat: mass x specific heat x temperature change
wavelength: length of a wave
static fluid formula: Fbottom=Ftop+mg where mg is the weight of the volume
Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius: 5/9 [T(F)-32]
Engine efficiency cannot be 100%: you cant get as much out as you put in
Galileo: the first to do experimental studies of the laws of motion and was Imprisoned by Pope Urban VIII in 1633 for advocating the Copernican theory, also know as the heliocentric theory, that the earth was a planet revolving around the sun.
Net force: the total force (positive and negative) acting upon an object
Velocity required for an object to reach height h: initial velocity= the square root of 2gh
Heat capacity (specific heat): the amount of heat that is required to raise the temperature of one g of a substance by 1 degree C.
mass flow rate formula: p x u x A
Present velocity: initial velocity = acceleration x time
c=3x10^8 m/s: ?
continuity: v x A= constant
The US uses how much of the total world energy consumption?: 25%
Newton's third law of motion: states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Physics: The study of how objects behave (from the very tiny to the very big, and from the beginning of the Universe to its ultimate fate).
measure of density: kg/m^3
mechanical wave: a disturbance that propagates through a medium
restoring force: the force that brings a system back to equilibrium
density of air: 1.25 kg/m^3
law of conservation of energy: the change in internal energy= the heat absorbed- the work done
Newton's first law of motion: also called the law on inertia, states that an object continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion unless compelled to change that state by an external force.
1 BTU: the heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree F
when ice in water melts what happens?: the level stays the same
Electron mass me: 9.11 × 10-31 kg
order of states of matter stronger to lesser forces between atoms: solids, liquids, gases
Distance traveled: ½ acceleration x time^2
wave: a disturbance that moves through something
period p of a mass m oscillating on a horizontal spring of force constant k: t=2π square root m/k frequency= square root k/m;/2π
volume fluid flow rate: gallons per minute (gpm), liters/s, cubic feet per minute (cfm) or m^3/s
Permeability constant µo: 1.26 × 10-6 T m / A
Why does something move?: because nothing stops it
viscosity: a tendency for liquids to resist flowing.
density of aluminum: 2,700 kg/m^3
bernoulli's equation: fluid flow velocity=u, fluid density=p (rho), fluid pressure=P P + ½ p x u^2 + p x g x h= constant
variation of pressure with depth: Fbottom-Ftop=mg=(density x vol) x g
First Law of thermodynamics: If energy is transferred and the internal energy of system B decreases by some amount then the internal energy of system A must incrase by the same amount.
Equilibrium: net force=0 net torque=0
period of a pendulum T of length L: 2π x square root L/g
Projectile: an object that is thrown or struck or shot and then travels under the influence of gravity
Photon energy: hf
volume fluid flow rate formula: tube cross section area A, flow speed u vfr= u x A (m/s x m^2)
Centripedal acceleration=: velocity squared / radius
Torque: force x lever arm
Stable structures: are wider at the base (which lowers their center of gravity)
Thermal radiation: T^4
Voltage: current x resistance
Brahe: Compiled the first detailed observational data on planetary motion (mars), without a telescope.
Acceleration: change in velocity / time
Kepler: analized brahe's data and verified the heliocentric theory. These regularities are known as Helpers Laws of Planetary motion.
Wave speed=: wavelength x frequency
Power (watts): current x voltage energy/time (joules per second)
Pressure=: force per unit area
Heat: the energy that flows from one system to another because of their temperature difference.
Fluid force: pressure x area
density of water: 1,000 kg/m^3
Flow through a pipe: π(P2-P1)D^4/128Ln n=fluid's viscosity
Buoyant force: weight of displaced water=volume of displaced water in liters x 10 n / liter
Resistance: voltage / current
Newton: wrote Principia in 1687. Made the 3 laws of mechanics and law of gravity. He also invented calculus.
the pressure of liquids _____ when it goes faster: decreases
Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit: 9/5T(C)+32
velocity through a medium: c/n
ultrasound: sounds above 20,000 Hz
Stable: not easy to knock over
pressure depends on: number density x temperature
Newton's second law of motion: states that if a net force acts on an object, it will cause an acceleration of that object.
Internal energy: the sum of the energy of all the molecules in the system
Emissive: the efficiency with which an object emits thermal radiation. Is a number between 0 and 1. A good emitter has an e close to 1.
Time for an object thrown to reach maximum height: time= the square root of 2 x height / acceleration due to gravity
Acceleration due to gravity on the earth: -10 m/s^2
Speed of light c: 3.0 ×108 m/s
incoming and outgoing flow rate formula: v1 x A1=v2 x A2
infrasound: sounds below 30 Hz
pressure does what when depth is increased: it increases
Center of gravity (CG): the center of an object
Heat capacity equation: heat Q= mass of sample x specific heat x temp change
Pascal's principle: The pressure applied at one point in an enclosed fluid under equilibrium conditions is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.
Condition for stability: if the CG is above the edge, the object will not fall
Conservation of energy: you can't get more work out than the energy you put in
Conduction: heat is transferred directly through a material with no bulk movement of material
Quantum mechanics: new theory that explained behavior at the atomic level
Gas constant R: 8.31 J / mole K
Velocity=: distance traveled / time
Newton's Second Law: f=mass x acceleration
Aristotle: believed that the natural state of objects was to be at rest
atmospheric pressure (atm): 100,000 n/m^2
Frequency: 1 / period (time)
Engine efficiency: work done / heat in
Torque: the combination of force and point of application
Wavelength: c / f
Momentum: mass x velocity
entropy: the total disorder of an object
Rotational inertia (moment of inertia): how much torque it takes to get an object rotating
definition of Bernoulii's equation: as the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases
Convert Celsius to Kelven: T(C) +273
Speed of light: 18600 miles/sec
Second law of thermodynamics: if the temperature of system A is less then the temperature of system B then heat flows from B to A (hot to cold)
Change in internal energy: heat into system - work done by system
Mechanics: why things move
Gravitational constant G: 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2/kg2
Net force=0 net torque≠0: rod with forces applied at opposite ends in opposite directions
Permittivity of free space o: 8.85 × 10-12 C2 / Nm
The law of periods: The square of the period (T) of any planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis (r) of its orbit, or T 2=(4π2/GM) r3, where M is the mass of the planet.
Weight: mass x gravity
Energy of motion (kinetic energy): ½ m v^2
The law of orbits: All planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus.
Thermal conductivity: the effectiveness of a material in conducting heat
Radiation: the heat transfer by electromagnetic waves - thermal light waves
frequency of light: speed of light / wavelength
Convection: heat is carried from place to place by the bulk movement of either liquids or gasses
amplitude: maximum displacement from equilibrium
Avagadro's number N: 6.02 × 1023
Thermodynamics: the study of heat and its transformation into mechanical energy
measurement of pressure: Pascal (Pa) or pounds per square inch (psi)
The law of areas: A line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time.
Einstein: shows in 1905 that newtons laws were not valid for objects moving with speeds near the speed of light.

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Number of cards 127