Pathophysiology: Fluids & Electrolytes Chapter 4
Terms
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- The sum of fluids within all body compartments constitutes the ___________.
- Total Body Water (TBW)
- What is the normal percentage of body weight made up by water for a normal adult male?
- 60%
-
How much does one liter of water weigh?
Pounds
Kilograms -
2.2 lbs
1 kg - One milliliter of water equals ______ of a liter.
- 1/1000
- Name the three compartments that water is distributed among in the body.
-
1. Intracellular Fluid
2. Extracellular Fluid
3. ? - How much of the TBW is in the intracellular fluid compartment?
- 2/3
- How much of the TBW is in the extracellular fluid compartment?
- 1/3
- What are the two main ECF compartments?
-
1. Interstitial Fluid
2. Intravasucular fluid - What is interstitial fluid?
- The space between the cells and the outside of the blood vessels.
- What is intravascular fluid?
- Blood Plasma
- How much of Extracellular Fluid does interstitial fluid contain?
- 3/4 of fluid is between the cells
- How much of the ECF does the intravascular fluid contain?
- 1/4 of fluid is in the vessels
- The percentage of TBW varies with the amount of _________ and ________.
- The % of total body water varies with the amount of FAT and AGE.
- Why is very little water contained in adipose (fat) cells?
- Because fat is water repelling (hydrophobic).
- Individuals with more body fat have proportionately less TBW and tend to be more susceptible to______________.
- Dehydration
- The primary sources where our bodies obtain water from are___1___,___2___, and ___3____.
-
1. Drinking
2. Ingestion of water in food
3. Water derived from oxidative metabolism - The largest amounts of water are lost through _______.
- Renal Excretion (Urine)
-
Sensible Fluid Loss
What is it?
What are examples of it? -
Fluid loss that we can see
1. Urine
2. Stool
3. Wounds
4. Sweat - Where does most sensible fluid loss come from?
- Renal Excretion (Urine)
- What is the normal daily input and output of water in milliliters through urine?
- 1400-1800 ml
- Including all 3 of the primary ways in which our bodies obtain water how much is the normal daily water gain and loss in milliliters?
- 2400-3200 ml
- At birth TBW represents ___% of body weight.
- 75%-80%
- Why are infants more susceptibel to significant changes in TBW?
- They have a highter metabolic rate and a greater body surface area.
- Why does TBW in the elderly decline?
-
1. Increase in fat and decrease in muscle.
2. Reduced ability to regulate Sodium and water balance.
3. Kidneys are less efficient in making concentrated urine. - Water moves between the ICF and the ECF compartments primarily as a function of ______________.
- Osmotic Forces
- What is responsible for the ECF osmotic balance?
- Sodium
- What is responsible for the ICF osmotic balance?
- Potassium
- The movement of fluid back and forth across the capillary wall is called___________.
- Net Filtration
- What is Starling's Hypothesis?
- Net Flitration=Force Favoring Filtration-Forces Opposing Filtration
- ___________ is the movement of water out of the capillary and into the interstitial space.
- Filtration
- Forces favoring filtration include___1___ and___2___.
-
1. capillary hydrostatic pressure
2. interstitial oncotic pressure - Forces opposing filtration are___1___and ___2___.
-
1. plasma oncotic pressure
2. interstitial hydrostatic pressure - The accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces is called ________.
- Edema