OB Gyn A&L questions
Terms
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- Gynecoid pelvis
- Normal shape
- Anthropoid pelvis
- AP elongated
- Android pelvis
- Heart shaped
- Platypelloid pelvis
- ML elongated
- Inguinal ligament course, formed by
- From ASIS to pubic tubercle. Formed by fusion of int/ext obliques
- False pelvis vs true pelvis
- False pelvis above true pelvis. False supports pregnant uterus, true for passage of fetus
- Relaxin
- Hormone that softens joints in pregnancy
- Clitoral innervation
- Terminal branch of pudendal
- Nabothian cysts
- Retention cysts from blocked cypts in uterine cervix
- Pelvic diaphragm muscles
- Lev Ani (pubococcugeus, ileococcygeus, puborectalis) & coccygeus muscle (innerv = S234)
- Spinal cord/dural space end at
-
Spinal cord - L2.
Dural space- S2 - Lymph drainage of vagina
-
Ant2/3 - Sup inguinal
Post2/3 - deep inguinal, ext iliac, femoral - Obturator nerve function
- Supply adductors & medial sensation of thigh
- Sacrospinous Lig course
- Sacrum to ischial spine
- Sacrotuberous lig course
- Post crest of ilium/potst iliac spines/sacrum to ischial tuberosity
- Ilioinguinal course
- ASIS to pubic tubercle
- Arcuate lig course
- Fills space below pubic arch
- What divides lesser/greater sciatics
- Sacrospinous
- Contents of greater sciatic foramen -
- Piriformis, gluteal vessels, sciatic nerve, post femoral cutaneous
- Course of internal pudendal
- Out greater sciatic, in lesser
- Func of ant hypogastric nerve
- mons, ant labia majora
- Funct of post iliac nerve
- Gluteals
- Funct of ilioinguinal nerve
- Ant/medial labia majora
- Funct of genitofemoral nerve
- Deep labial
- Funct of pudendal nerve
- Clitoris, middle/post labia
- Circumvallate placenta -
- Small placenta constricted by amniotic ring
- Battledore Placenta
- Placenta w/ marginal insertion of cord
- Femoral nerve funct
- Supply quads, sens to ant/med thigh
- Acanthosis
- Hyperplasia of keratinocytes in stratum spinosis (in syphilis, lichen planus, venereal warts, cancer)
- Gartner duct cyst histo
- Small cuboidal cysts
- HSV histo
- Small intranuclear inclusion bodies, irreg nucleoli, multiple nuclei
- Arias Stella rxn
- Atypism, mitoses, proliferation of endometrium in pregnancy (25% of women)
- Ovarian layers in order
- Germinal epithel, cortex, medulla
- Ovarian follicle layers in order
- Ova, zona pellucida, granulosa, theca interna
- When is organogenesis complete?
- 8wks (except brain)
- What does testosterone do in the fetus
- Causes differentiation of gonadal ridge (to testis)
- Where do germ cells come from?
- endoderm of primitive gut
- Paramesonephric duct -->
- Oviducts, uterus, upper vagina
- Dopamine vs GnRH
- Dopamine inhib GnRH
- Which NT increases GnRH
- NE
- #of carbons in sex steroids
-
Progestins - 21
Androgens - 19
Estrogens - 18 - Potency of estrogens
- Etradiol>estrone>estriol (each by 10x)
- How is insulin involved in PCOS
- Insulin --> Dec SHBG --> inc free T
- Ovulation releases:
- Secondary oocyte, First polar body
- Hormones from Corpus Luteum
- estrogen, progesterone, inhibin
- Ashermans damages which part of endometrium?
- basalis
- Principle adrenal androgen
- DHEAS
- Substrate for aromatase
- Androstenedione
- When is serum progest. hCG positive?
- at first missed menses
- When is max CO in pregn
- Immediately after deliv
- Smallest diameter of fetal head
- suboccipitobregmatic diameter
- Oxyg blood from placenta goes where?
- portal sinus, ductus venosis
- Surfactant from which pneumocytes?
- Type II
- Fetal breathing movements how often?
- 30-60 min
- Podophyllin resin & preg
- stillbirth
- Captopril and preg
- Reduced plac circ, oligo, pulm hypoplas
- Valproic acid and preg
- Spina bifida
- Isoretinoin and preg
- CNS/craniofacial abn
- Methamizole & preg
- scalp defects
- Misoprostol & preg
- abortion
- Glomerular diseasse in preecclampsia
- Glomerular capillary endotheliosis
- Ocular lesions in preecclampsia
- artierolar spasm
- Most common cong heart defect
- VSD
- Prevalance of sickle cells disease in AA's
- 1/500
- Risk of abnormality w/ rubella exposure
- 25-50%
- Congenital rubella symptoms
- HSmegaly, hearing loss, others
- Uric Acid and preecclampsia
- Uric Acid increases in preecclampsia
- Normal delivery descent
- First posterior then inferior
- Interspinous diameter should be:
- at least 10cm
- Ave blood loss in delivery
- 500-600cc
- Attitude
- describes orientation of fetal parts
- Cardinal movements of labor
- Engagement, flexion, extension, external rotation
- Def of engagement
- When greatest biparietal diameter passes inlet
- Posteriosr asynclitism
- Sagittal suture closer to sacrum
- Conglutinate cervix
- Effaced and engaged but no cervical dilation
- coverlaire uterus
- Intramyometrial bleeding
- w/ position assoc w/ prolapsed cord
- Footling breach
- APGAR qualities
- HR, REs effort, Muscle tone, Reflex irritation, Color
- Cooling neonate causes
- metabolic acidosis (w/ compens resp alk)
- Most common cause of lack of resp effort:
- Upper airway obst
- f
- r