Chapter 2 Biology
Terms
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- atom
- basic unit of matter
- nucleus
- center of the atom made of protons and neutrons
- electron
- negatively charged particle
- element
- a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
- Isotope
- atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element
- Compound
- a substance formed by a chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions
- Ionic Bond
- formed when one or more electrons are transfered from one atom to another
- Ion
- atom that has a positive or negative charge
- Covalent Bond
- forms when electrons are shared between atoms
- Molecule
- the smallest unit of most compounds
- van der Waals forces
- a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
- Cohesion
- an attraction between molecules of the same substance
- Adhesion
- an attraction between molecules of different substances
- Mixture
- a material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together, but not chemically combined
- Solution
- mixture of 2 or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are eveny distributed
- solute
- the substance that is dissolved
- Solvent
- the substance in which the solute dissolves.
- Suspensions
- mixtures of water and non-dissolved material
- PH scale
- measurement system scientists devised
- Acid
- any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution
- Base
- a compound that produces hydroxide ion in a solution
- Buffers
- weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp,sudden changes in PH
- Monomers
- small units that can join together with other small units to form a polymers
- Polymers
- large compuond formed from the combination of many monomers
- Carbohydrates
- compounds made up of carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen atoms
- Monosaccharides
- singular sugar molecules
- Polysaccharides
- large molecules formed from monosaccharides
- Lipids
- large and varied group of biollogical molecules that are generally not soluble in water
- Nucleic Acids
- macromolecules containing carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen, and phosphorus
- Nucleotides
- a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
- Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
- contains sugar ribose
- Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA)
- contains sugar deoxyribose
- Proteins
- macromolecules that contain carbon,hydrogen,oxygen, and nitrogen
- Amino Acids
- monomer of a protien
- Chemical Reaction
- process that changes,or transforms, one set of chemicals into another
- Reactants
- elements or compounds that enter a chemical reaction
- Products
- elements or compounds that are produced by a chemical reaction
- Activation energy
- energy that is needed to start a reaction
- Catalyst
- a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
- Enzyme
- proteins that act as a biological catalyst
- Substrates
- the reactants of enzyme-catalyst reactions