Musculoskeletal System
Terms
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- Axial Division of Skeleton
- Facial bones, auditory ossicles, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone
- Appendicular Division of Skeleton
- Scapula, clavicle, pelvis, and legs
- Degrees of Movement and examples of each
- 1. Immovable (synarthrodial)--sutures of the skull 2. Slightly movable (amphiarthrodial)--symphysis pubis 3. Freely movable (diarthrodial)--knee
- Joints classified in two ways:
- articulations where two or more bones come together --help hold bones firmly while allowing movement b/t them 1.) type of material and 2.) degree of movement
- Hinge Joints - (Diarthrodial Joints)
- extension and flexion --knee, elbow, fingers
- Pivot Joints - (Diarthrodial Joints)
- movement of one bone articulating with a ring or notch of another bone -- head of radius with radial notch of ulna, ends of saddle shaped bones articulate with eachother - only example is base of thumb
- Condyloid or Ellipsoidal Joints - (Diarthrodial Joints)
- condyle of one bpne fits into elliptically shaped portion or articulating bone -- distal end of radius articulates with three wrist bones
- Ball and Socket Joints - (Diarthrodial Joints)
- ball-shaped bone fite into concave area of articulating bone -- head of femur into acetabulum in pelvis
- Gliding Joints - (Diarthrodial Joints)
- movement along various axes with relatively flat articulating surfaces -- joints between two vertebrae
- Diarthrodial joints are called:
- Synovial Joints as lined with synovial fluid
- Synovial Fluid:
- lubricates joints to aid in movement in various directions
- Ligaments
- strong, densem flexible bands of connective tissue that hold bones to bones -provide support by encircling joint, gripping it obliquely or by lying parallel to bone ends across joint
- Tendons
- strong, nonelastic cords of collagen located at ends of muscles to attach them to bones -support bone movement in response to skeletal muscle contractions
- Cartilage
- semi-smooth, gel-like supporting tissue, strong and able to support weight
- Bursae
- small sacs in connective tissues next to certain joints such as shoulder and knee
- Testing Muscle Strength
- ask client to flex muscle and then resist when you apply opposing force against the muscles
- the nurse examining a client with "normal" muscle strength would document Grade ___
- 5
- How do ligaments differ from tendons?
- ligaments hold bones to bones; tendons hold muscle to bones
- what spinal findings would be considered normal for a 72 year old client?
- kyphosis
- in what race and gender is the incidence of osteoporosis the lowest?
- african american males
- what would be a true statement regarding the comparison of the circumference b/t the right and left extremities?
- measurement differences are less than 1 cm
- to assess the muscle strength of the trapezius muscle, the examiner will apply resisting force while the client:
- shrugs her shoulders
- which type of joint is characterized by one bone articulating with the ring or notch of another bone?
- pivot joint
- in what type of assessment is a goniometer used?
- range of motion
- what makes a client most prone to osteomyelitis?
- an open fracture of the radius
- what instruction to the client is appropriate in order to assess the internal rotation of the shoulder joint?
- place your right hand against the small of your back
- the examiner hears a click when the barlow-ortolani maneuver is performed on a newborn. this represents:
- an indication of congenital hip dislocation
- what degree of knee flexion is considered a normal finding?
- 130%
- while assessing the client for carpal tunnel syndrome, tinel's sign can be performed by tapping:
- the median nerve
- a patient complains of pain and clicking in the jaw with movement. these symptoms are consistent with:
- temporomandibular joint syndrome
- for what problem is family history considered a risk factor?
- rheumatoid arthritis