Respiratory and Excretory
Terms
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- What is the function of the respiratory system
- To get oxygen in and carbon dioxide and water out of the body
- What is the energy-releasing process that is fueled by oxygen called
- Respiration
- What is air made of
-
A mixure of gases
Nitrogen = 78%
Oxygen = 21%
Remaining 1% = carbon dioxide, water, vapor, trace gases - How much air do we breathe in every minute
- 6 liters
- What would happen without the intake of air
- Cells would die
- What is needed for the energy producing process that takes place in the cells
- Oxygen
- Air enters the respiratory system here
- Nostrils
- How is cold air warmed?
- Heated by warm blood in the blood vessels lining the nasal cavities
- What is the function of nasal mucus
-
Moistens the air
Keeps delicate tissues moist
Traps dust and bacteria
New mucus made every 20 min - What happens to old mucus
- Moved into the stomach by cilia
- Irritation in the nose causes
- Sneeze
- What keeps air moving down into the respiratory path and not the digestive path
- Epiglottis
- What is the windpipe called
- Trachea
- Irritation to the trachea causes
- Cough
- Box shaped structure located at the top of the trachea
- Larynx = voice box
- What is the Adam's apple made of
- Cartilage
- 2 small folds of tissue that are stretched across the larynx that vibrate when air passes through
- Vocal cords - produce voice
- Loudness of voice depends on
- Amount of air forced through vocal cords
- Pitch (high or low) depends on
-
Length and tension of vocal cords
High = tight, vibrate fast
Low = relaxed, vibrate slow - Mucous membranes of larynx are swollen and inflamed due to infection or irritation causes
-
Laryngitis
(vocal cords don't vibrate freely and causes hoarseness) - Main organ of respiratory system
- Lungs
- Trachea branches into 2 large tubes called
- Bronchi (bronchus)
- Bronchi divide into into tiny tubes ending in hundreds of round sacs called
- Alveoli
- Function of alveoli
- Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
- Alveoli are surrounded by a network of tiny blood vessels called
- Capillaries
- Who much air do we breath
- One liter every 10 seconds
- Dome shaped muscle that causes the chest to expand
- Diaphragn
- When we inhale and the chest expands, is the air pressure inside the lungs higher or lower than outside
- Lower
- When we exhale and air is forced out of the lungs, is the air pressure higher or lower
- Higher
- What kind of muscle is the diaphragm
- Skeletal
- When the space between the vocal cords snaps shut and causes a clicking sound what happens
- Hiccup
- Function of excretory system
- Provide a way for various wastes to be removed from the body
- What wastes are removed from the body
- Water, salts, carbon dioxide, urea
- What kind of waste is urea
- Nitrogen waste
- What are the main organs of the excretory system
- Kidneys
- How do the kidneys work
- Filter wastes and poisons from the blood
- What shape and color are the kidneys
- Reddish brown kidney bean shape
- How much blood is filtered through the kidneys every day
- 2,000 liters
- What are the microscopic chemical filtering factories of the kidneys
- Nephrons
- Where are wastes filtered out of the blood
- Nephrons
- Where are waste substances collected in the kidney
- Cup shaped part of the nephron called the capsule
- Wht happens to most of the water and nutrients that is filtered
- Reabsorbed into the blood
- What happens to the waste that is left and not needed by the body
-
Made into urine
96% = water
4% = urea and excess salt - 2 narrow tubes that take urine from kidneys to bladder
- Ureters
- Muscular sac that holds urine
- Urinary bladder
- How much urine can the bladder store
- 470 ml
- Tube that releases urine from the body
- Urethra
- List 2 other excretory organs
- Liver and skin
- What does the liver do
-
1. Removes excess amino acids from blood and breaks down into urea for urine
2. Converts hemoglobin from old red blood cells into bile - What is the protein in the blood called
- Hemoglobin
- How are amino acids made
- From protein
- How much skin do we have
- 1.5-2 square meters
- How thick is skin
-
0.5mm - eyelids
6 mm - sole of feet - Epidermis
-
Top layer of skin
Dead cells to be shed from body
No nerves or blood vessels - Dermis
-
Bottom and thickest layer of skin
Contains nerves, blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, hair follicles - What helps the body get rid of excess salts, urea and about 0.5 liters of water a day
- Sweat glands
- How many sweat glands are there are where are they
-
3,000,000
Found all over body - most under arms, palms, soles - Muscle that causes the chest to expand when you breathe
- Diaphragm
- Place where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and blood
- Alveolus
- Branching tube that carries air into the lungs
- Bronchus
- Structure that enables you to speak
- Larynx
- One of 2 structures that vibrates, producing sound
- Vocal cords
- Tube that provides passageway for air
- Trachea
- Directs air down respiratory path and food down the digestive path
- Epiglottis
-
Which process rids the body of waste materials
a. absorption
b. excretion
c. digestion
d. fertilization - Excretion
- Why is skin an excretory organ
- Skin helps doby get rid of excess salts, urea, and water
- Would urine have more or less water on a hot day
- Less because body would need to keep more water since it would lose water through sweating
- Air passes into the trachea when the epiglottis is open or closed
- Open
-
When you breathe out, your
a. rib muscles relax
b. chest expands
c. lung muscles relax
d. diaphragn contracts - Rib muscle relax
- Where is carbon dioxide in the blood is exchanged for oxygen in the air
- In the alveoli
- Microscopic filters in the kidneys are called
- Nephrons
- Name 3 main organs of the excretory system
-
Lungs
Kidneys
Skin - Bodys largest organ, covers an area of 1.5-2 square meters
- Skin
- Which organ belongs to both the respiratory and excretory system
- Skin