Module 6 Path
Terms
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- Define anemia
- reduction in total number of RBCs, amount of Hb in circulation (or Hct), or circulating mass
- Result of anemia?
- impaired delivery, giving rise to physiologic consequences secondary to tissue hypoxia as well as compensatory mechs to correct anoxia
- General clinical features of anemia?
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1. weakness, malaise, easy fatiguability
2. dyspnea on mild exertion
3. pallor
4. angina, heart failure (espec in presence of vascular disease)
5. CNS: headache, faintness, dimness of vision - General pathological features of anemia?
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1. thin and atrophic skin
2. brittle nails/koilonychia (espec in Fe deficiency)
3. Ischemic/fatty change in myocardium, kidney, liver, CNS (ganglion cells of cortex and basal ganglia)
4. BM hyperplasia (except in aplastic anemia)
5. extramedullary hematopoiesis (liver, spleen, lymph nodes) in severe cases - What is MCV?
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Mean corpuscular volume
= Hct/RBC count
An AVERAGE number and used to classify cells as:
normocytic: 80-100 fl
microcytic: <80 fl
macrocytic: >100 fl - What is MCHC?
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Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
= Hb/Hct
Average concentration of Hb (g/dL) in RBCs and used to classify cells as:
normochromic: 32-36 g/dl
hypochromic: <32 g/dl
hyperchromic: >36 g/dl - What is MCH?
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Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
= Hb/RBC count
Is a measurement of avg wt of Hb in indiv RBCs.
Normal = 27-31pg
Smaller cells contain less Hb and large contain more - How can anemias be described?
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Morphology
micro, macro, normocytic
Function
1. decreased production
2. increased destruction
Underlying mech:
1. blood loss
2. increased rate of destruction (hemolysis)
3. impaired production - What is anisocytosis?
- variation in RBC cell size
- What is poikilocytosis?
- variation in RBC shape