Volcano Structure
Terms
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- Where lava leaks through fractures in the earth's crust
- Fissure
- Area below a volcano where molten rock rises into the crust; very large
- Magma Chamber
- Small depression at the summit of a volcano
- Crater
- Mountain-shaped structure surrounding the main vent
- Cone
- Large depression created when the volcano collapses into magma chamber
- Caldera
- This vent leads to the magma chamber
- Primary Vent
- This vent leads to the main vent
- Secondary Vent
- Channel through which magma passes to erupt from volcano
- Vent
- Formed by layers of basaltic, related to pahoehoe basalt flows
- Shield cone composition
- Broad, sloping sides, largest type of volcano; circular base
- Shield cone shape and size
- Example: Hawaiian volcanoes (Mauna Loa, Manakea)
- Example of a Shield cone
- Formed by alternating eruptions making layers of volcanic fragments or lava; associated with rhyolitic or basaltic lava
- Composite cone composition
- Mid-sized volcano; steep sided(less steep than cinder cone)
- Composite cone shape and size
- Example: Cascade Volcanoes (Mt ST. Helens, Mt. Rainer)
- Example of a Composite cone
- Formed by piles of ejected material around a vent; rhyolitic or andesitic lava
- Cinder cone composition