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history1301.5

Terms

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John Locke
wrote the Second Treatise on Government. It states that people have Natural rights which consist of the right of property, a right to life, and a right to liberty. Also, government by consent (contract) to safeguard rights. People would be giving up some of their rights to protect their rights. It says that the people must revolt and it is justified if government fails to do its part.
Seven Years War
1756-1763 during the war Britain defaats France and Spain, wins all North American Territory east of the Mississippi. The war drained the British treasury which led to a change in policy to force Americans to share a burden of defending administering colonies. The Seven Years War also brought about the Proclmation of 1763, the Molasses Act, Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Revenue Act (Townshend duties).
Proclamation of 1763
prevented settlement and speculation west of mountains
Stamp Act
(1765)Proposed by Lord Greenville, passed by Parliament. Put a tax on all printed matter to defray cost of defending and securing frontier. Seen in colonies as taxation without representation, standing armies. Repealed in 1766.
Townshend duties (Revenue Act)
a tax on enumerated goods. i.e. lead, paper, paint, glass, tea. Used to pay colonial officials
Sam Adams
led opposition to the Townshend Revenue Act. He saw it as an attempt to make rulers independent of assemblies, he wrote a letter of protest, circulated by Massachusetts to other colonial assemblies. The Massachusetts assembly was shut down when it refused to revoke letter.
Boston Massacre
tensions in boston led to a stationing of troops in 1768, presence of occupying army made things was worse, not better. On March 5, 1770, British soldiers fired on civilian mob, killing five. This led to a repeal of all Townshend duties except tea duty.
Boston Tea Party
In 1773 the Boston Tea Party began with a plan to bail out the British East India Company by lowering tea duty. This was resented in Boston, and led to a standoff and the destruction of tea. This could have been amicably resolved, but the British authorities were determined to punish Boston.
Coercive Acts
Boston Port Act (1774) said that the port was to be be shut down until the tea was paid for; the Quartering Act (1774) said that troops were to be quartered in homes if necessary; the Administration of Justice Act transferred trials of soldiers and officials to England; the Massachusetts Government Act made law enforcement officials appointive and they abolished local governments
Lexington and Concord
in April 1775 it was the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary roll.
Tom Paine
English political writer. His pamphlet Common Sense (1776) called for American independence.
Dunmore’s Proclamation
Dunmore said that any slaves that were willing to join him and the British forces in the fight against the American Revolt would be free under the Royal Crown, many did not make it to him. And his regiment failed to a smallpox outbreak. However, 300 of the former slaves were taken back with the British as they were fleeing. This was the largest number of slaves to find their freedom up until the civil war.

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