Major Philosophies
Terms
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- Existentialism
- Knowledge:Knowledge for personal choice
- Existentialism
- Values:Freely chosen; based on individual's perception
- Pragmatism
- Emphasis on Curriculum:No permanent knowledge or subjects; appropriate experiences that transmit culture and prepare individual for change; problem solving topics
- Realism
- Values:Absolute and eternal; based on nature's laws
- Pragmatism
- Knowledge:Based on experience; use of scientific method
- Pragmatism
- Reality:Interaction of individual with environment; always changing
- Pragmatism
- Values:Situational and relative; subject to change and verification
- Realism
- Teacher's Role:To cultivate rational thought; to be a moral and spiritual leader; to be a source of authority
- Idealism
- Reality:Spiritual, moral, or mental; unchanging
- Existentialism
- Reality:Subjective
- Realism
- Knowledge:Consisting of sensation and abstraction
- Idealism
- Values:Absolute and eternal
- Existentialism
- Emphasis on Curriculum:Choices in subject matter, electives; emotional, aesthetic, and philosophical subjects
- Pragmatism
- Emphasis on Learning:Methods for dealing with changing environment and scientific explanations
- Idealism
- Teacher's Role:To bring latent knowledge and ideas to consciousness; to be a moral and spiritual leader
- Existentialism
- Emphasis on Learning:Knowledge and principles of the human condition; acts of choice making
- Idealism
- Knowledge:Rethinking latent ideas
- Realism
- Reality:Based on natural laws; objective and composed of matter
- Realism
- Emphasis on Curriculum:Knowledge based; subject based; arts and sciences; hierarchy of subjects: humanistic and scientific subjects
- Pragmatism
- Teacher's Role:To cultivate critical thinking and scientific process
- Realism
- Emphasis on Learning:Exercising the mind; logical and abstract thinking are highest form
- Idealism
- Emphasis on Curriculum:Knowledge based; subject based; classics or liberal arts; hierarchy of subjects: philosophy, theology, mathematics are most important
- Idealism
- Emphasis on Learning:Recalling knowledge and ideas; abstract thinking as the highest form
- Existentialism
- Teacher's Role:To cultivate personal choice and individual self-definition