Psych Midterm 1
Terms
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- 1. Behavior Genetics
- interested in the degree to which psychological characteristics transmit from parent to child
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Proximate Causes
Ultimate causes -
p: how a behavior is generated
u: why these behaviors are generated -
Genes (sex-linked)
Chromosomes -
genes are segments of DNA
sex-linked: characteristics/disorders linked to 23rd chr.
Chromosomes:where genes are stored/transferred -
dizygotic twins
monozygotic twins -
fraternal twins: develop from different eggs, genetically equated to other siblings
Mono twins: identical tiwns whose makeup is 100% the same - polygenic traits
- traits that are made up of more than just 1 trait
- Hidden Estrus
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biological trait by which males unable to detect fertile cycles
shows sex used for enjoyment purposes as well - Last Major Transition (cranial capacity)
- size of brain increases
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mating preferences
sexual dimorphism -
m: find female that is most fertile
f: find male that is most resourceful, can support
both use tactics to achieve
s.d.: one sex dwarfing over the other in size (m--f, but deminishing) -
coalitions:
darwinian evolution -
us vs. them talk (groups)
variation & selection - cognitive nitch
- our brains separate us from other species
- jealousy
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women: worried about emotional fidelity
men: worried about physical fidelity -
Central Nervous System
Peripheral n.s.
somantic - autonomic -
cns-nerves in brain & spinal cord
pns-brain/spinal to rest of body
somantic: takes message from sensory receptors on muscles/body surfaces
autonomic: from glands and internal organs - central core brain structures:
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medulla:
cerebellum:
thalamus
hypothalamus
reticular formation - parts of limbic system
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hippocampus: momory
amygdala: emotions such as fear - parts of cerebrum
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cerebral cortex: outer layer of cerebrum
corpus callosum: connecting mass b/w left and right hemispheres - brain lobes & areas
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frontal-front--primary motor area
parietal-top & rear--primary somatosensory area
temporal-bottom--primary auditory area
occipital-rear of brain--primary visual area - Other areas
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Association Areas: areas of cerebral cortex not directly concerned with sensory or motor processes
Broca's Area:region in FRONTAL LOBE involved in speech production
Wernicke's Area:region in TEMPORAL LOBE involved with understanding of language - split brain research
- with corpus callosum severed, right and left brain oblivious of each other
- medulla & cerebellum
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medulla: controls breathings and upright posture
cerebellum: movement & motor learning -
thalamus
hypothalamus
reticular formation -
thalamus: sleep and wakefulness
hypothalamus: eat, drink, sex, homeostasis
reticular formation: arousal & attention - Right vs Left brain
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Right brain: unable to produce language
highly developed spatial and pattern sense
left brain: unable to comprehend language - aphasia
- language deficits caused by brain damage
- autonomic nervous system
- sympathetic & parasympathetic systems
- sympathetic system
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active during times of intense arousal
works all at once - parasympathetic system
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active during regular times
-store up energy for sympathetic system
works on individual organ basis - endocrine system
- secretes hormones through PITUITARY and then hypothalamus
- Functional Modularity
- different functions of the body are distributed throughout the brain
- Structural Modularity
- different functions of the body equated to different areas of the brain
- Hemi-neglect
- Ability to neglect a portion or half of one's brain through training