Chapter 16 Vocab.
Chapter 16 Vocab for Ali. ((and everyone else who wants to use it)) <3 ya!
Terms
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- amoeba
- A type of protist characterized by great flexibility and the presence of pseudopodia.
- apicomplexan
- One of a group of parasitic protozoans, some of which cause human diseases.
- prokaryotic flagellum
- A long surface projection that propels a prokaryotic cell through its liquid environment; totally different from the flagellum of a eukaryotic cell.
- protist
- A relatively simple eukaryote.
- endospore
- A thick-coated, resistant cell produced within a bacterial cell exposed to harsh conditions.
- red algae
- One of a group of marine, mostly multicellular, autotrophic protists, which includes the reef-building coralline algae.
- Bacteria
- One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being the Archaea.
- stromatolite
- Rock made of banded domes of sediment in which are found the most ancient forms of life: prokaryotes dating back as far as 3.5 billion years.
- multicellular green algae
- Have chlorophylls and carotenoids, store food as starch, and have cellulose walls.
- gametophyte
- The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
- photoheterotroph
- An organism that uses light to generate ATP but that must obtain carbon in organic form.
- Archaea
- One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being the Bacteria.
- plasmodial slime mold
- A type of protist that has amoeboid cells, flagellated cells, and an amoeboid plasmodial feeding stage in its life cycle.
- ribozyme
- An enzymatic RNA molecule that catalyzes reactions during RNA splicing.
- RNA world
- A hypothetical period in the evolution of life when RNA served as rudimentary genes and the sole catalytic molecules.
- sporophyte
- The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.
- actinomycete
- Bacteria that are very common in soil, where they break down organic substances.
- symbiosis
- An ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct contact.
- extreme thermophiles
- Microorganisms that thrive in hot environments (often 60-80 degrees C).
- ciliate
- A type of protozoan that moves by means of cilia.
- peptidoglycan
- A type of polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides.
- kelp
- A giant brown alga, up to 100 meters long, that forms extensive undersea forests.
- plasmodium
- A member of the plasmodial slime molds, it is a multinucleate, fan-shaped mass of streaming protoplasm without a cell wall.
- brown algae
- One of a group of marine, multicellular, autotrophic protists, the most common type of seaweed. Brown algae include the kelps.
- lyme disease
- A debilitating human disease caused by a spirochete bacterium; characterized at first by a red rash at the site of the tick bite and, if not treated, by heart disease, arthritis, and nervous disorders.
- dinoflagellate
- A unicellular photosynthetic alga with two flagella situated in perpendicular grooves in cellulose plates covering the cell.
- Koch's postulates
- A set of four criteria for determining whether a specific pathogen is the cause of a disease.
- coccus
- (plural, cocci) A spherical prokaryotic cell.
- methanogen
- Microorganisms that obtain energy by using carbon dioxide to oxidize hydrogen, producing methane as a waste product.
- chemoautotroph
- An organism that needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source but that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances.
- heterotroph
- An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
- autotroph
- An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
- alternation of generations
- A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
- diatom
- A unicellular photosynthetic alga with a unique, glassy cell wall containing silica.
- green algae
- Photosynthetic protists that include unicellular, colonial, and multicellular species with grass green chloroplasts; closely related to true plants.
- flagellates
- A protist (protozoan) that moves by means of one or more flagella.
- endosymbiosis
- A process by which the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells probably evolved from symbiotic associations between small prokaryotic cells living inside larger ones.
- cyanobacteria
- Photosynthetic, oxygen-producing bacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae).
- endotoxin
- A component of the outer membranes of certain gram-negative bacteria responsible for generalized symptoms of fever and ache.
- bioremediation
- The use of living organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems.
- alga
- (plural, algae) A photosynthetic, plantlike protist.
- membrane infolding
- The process by which a eukaryotic cell's endomembrane system evolved from inward folds of the plasma membrane of a prokaryotic cell.
- extreme halophile
- Microorganisms that live in unusually highly saline environments such as the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea.
- pseudopodium
- (plural, pseudopodia) A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding.
- pilus
- (plural, pili) A surface appendage in certain bacteria that functions in adherence and the transfer of DNA during conjugation.
- cellular slime mold
- A type of protist that has unicellular amoeboid cells and multicellular reproductive bodies in its life cycle.
- photoautotroph
- An organism that harnesses light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide.
- bacillus
- (plural, bacilli) A rod-shaped prokaryotic cell.
- pathogen
- A disease-causing organism.