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Right of Way Mnemonic: Generally Anchoring Our Red Tugboat Diligently Minimizes Surge Loads
Red over Red: This boat is dead.
vessel not under command
Red over Green: Sailing machine.
Sailboat not under power
Red over White: Fishing tonight.
fishing boat, not trolling
Green over White: Trawling tonight.
Trawler
White over White: Short Tug-tow in sight.
< 200m
White over White over White: Long Tug, Tow in sight.
> 200M
Red over Red over Red: Rudder Rubbing Rocks.
Vessel constrained by her draft
White over Red: Pilot Ahead
Pilot boat ahead
Red over White over Red: Red When Restricted.
Vessel Restricted in ability to manouver.
Stern Light: Yellow over White: My tow line is tight.
Red Right Returning: When proceeding upstream or into port, Red marks are kept on the right.
Green Going Out: When proceeding downstream or out of port, Red marks are kept on the right.
Sound Signal: One Blast Short *: Away from Port
Turn to Starboard
Sound Signal:
Two Blasts Short **: Turn to Port
Sound Signal

Three in Turn ***: Power Astern
Sound Signal

Blast Quick Five *****: To Stay Alive
(Danger or confusion)
Fog Signal: Power boat underway: One long blast Q2min _
Fog Signal: Sailboat, Fishing, Towing, Restricted, Not Under Command: one long blast and two short blasts Q2min _**
Convert from True to Compass: Timid Virgins Make Dull Companions Add Whiskey
Convert from Compass to True: Can Dead Men Voate Twice At Elections
Rule for Handbearing Compass: Do not comopensate for Deviation
Beam Bearings: bearing to marks change more quickly as they approach the Beam. Take them last if possible.
Bearings: Bearings change as the boat moves. bearings on the beam change faster then off the bow or stern. Closer bearings change faster then distant ones
Angles of Bearings: 90 degrees is good, btw 60 - 120 degrees works well.
Basic Fix: first bearing on the slowest changing object - farthest ahead or astern, then the second, faster changing object, then do a check on the first (Average)
Order of Bearings: Take in order of Rate Of Change, slowest changing first.
Forward/Aft then Abeam/Near
Time averaged to the middle of the sequence.
Running Fix: Observe and Plot a LOP. Travel a known Distance and take a second bearing. Advance or Retire the Course. Acurrate Course and Speed Over Ground are needed.
Distance, Speed and Time Calculations: 60 x D = SxT
or
60 D ST gives you your address
Colregs: Collision Bearings: If you see a vessel on a constant bearing in relation to yourself, YOU ARE ON A COLLISION BEARING. Alter your Course and Speed to let the other vessel know what you are doing.
Colregs: Action to avoid collisiions: DO IT EARLY AND DO IT BIG
Colregs: Action by the Give-Way vessel: Take early and substantial action to keep well clear of the Stand-On vessel.
Colregs: Action by the Stand-On Vessel: Maintain course and speed, unless it becomes apparent that the Give-Way vessel is not taking appropriate action to avoid a colission.
Lights: Masthead or Steaming light: White, over the centerline, 225 degrees forward. Seen from ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam.
Colregs: What are Dayshapes: vessels required to show specila light at night must show special signals during the day. They are black, cylinders, diamonds, balls or cones strung in the rigging.
Colregs: Sailboats on opposite tacks: Vessel on the PORT Tack is the Give-Way Vessel
Colregs: Sailboats on the same tack: Vessel to WINDWARD is the Give-Way Vessel
Colregs: Sailboat on a port tack that cannot determine the other vessels tack: You assume the roll of the Give-Way Vessel
Colregs: Sailboat vs Powerboat Exceptions:: Overtaking a powerboat. Can't navigate in a narrow channel. In a Traffic Lane. Not Under Command. Restricted Manuvering. Fishing or Trawling. Towing
Colregs: Define Overtaking: Comming up on a vessel from a direction more then 22.5 degrees abaft her beam. At night you would only be able to see the Stern Light, not the Sidelights
Colregs: Overtaking vs Crossing: White light only = Overtaking
Sidelight Arc = Crossing
When in doubt, assume you are Overtaking and act accordingly
Colregs: Overtaking Right of Way: Any vessel Overtaking any other vessel shall keep out of the way of the vessel being Overtaken.
Colregs: Head-on situation: Vessels meeting Head-on MUST turn to Starboard.
Colregs: Crossing: Give-Way vessel should NOT ALTER COURSE TO PORT and cross behind the Stand-on Vessel
Danger Zone: Any vessel approaching you from the area covered by Your Starboard sidelight (dead ahead to 22.5* abaft your beam) is in your Danger Zone.
Vessel Orientation at Night: Red and Green Off your Beam: Either side, you are crossing in front of another vessel.
Vessel Orientation at Night: Red to your Portside or Green to Your Starboard: Vessel is going away from you.
Vessel Orientation at Night: Red off the Starboard Bow: Is a vessel crossing you (and in your Danger Zone) and is a Stand-On vessel. You must keep clear
Conduct in Restricted Visibility Two situations to avoid!: 1 An alteration to Port for a vessel forward of the Beam (except when overtaking)
2 An alteration toward a vessel Abeam or Abaft the Beam.
Rules of the Road Mnemonic: Nuclear Restrictions Constrain Fishing and Sailing, People Say.: Not under command - Restrained by manuverability - Consrtained by Draft - Fishing - Sailing - Power driven - Seaplanes
When proceeding down a narrow channel, which side should you stay closer too?: As close to as is safe and practical to the starboard side.
What considerations should be taken when manuvering around Anchored or Grounded vessels, Wrecks, Dreges, Tows, Rowboats or Canoes?: Your speed and the effects of Wake and Wash, Suction and Cavitation, and Bank Effect.
What considerations should be taken when manuvering around Shorelines, Docks, Floats or Wetlands; other users of the waterways like Swimmers or Divers.: Your speed and the effects of Wake and Wash, Suction and Cavitation, and Bank Effect.
If a collision bearing remains constant, what should you do?: Take action immediately by changing course enough to allow the other vessel to understand what you are doing.
Lateral Bouy General Lights: Red or Green
Flashing every 4 seconds (Fl)4s
or
Quick flashing (Q)1s
Lateral Bifurcation Bouy Lights: Red or Green in the Dominant color
Fl(2+1)6s
or
Fl(2+1)10s
Central Channel or Fairway Bouy Lights: White light
Morse Code A - Mo(A)6s
or
(LFl)10s
Isolated Danger Bouy Lights: White light
Fl(2)5s
or
Fl(2)10s
What is the easiest way to remember the light system on Cardinal Bouys?: White flashing lights that match up with a clock face Fl1s for North, Fl6 plus a long (to help count) for South, Fl3 for East and Fl9 for West.
Special Purpose Bouys: All Yellow Solid White With Orange Markings Solid White: - Cautionary, Scientific, Large Vessel Anchorage.
- Information, control, Hazard, Keep Out or swimming.
- Swimming, Diving with a flag
Special Purpose Bouys: What color Light so they display and how often does it flash?: Yellow lights
One Flash every 4 seconds
(Fl)4s
EXCEPT Scientific bouys5 Flashed every 20 seconds fl(5)20s
Special Purpose Bouys: All Yellow: - Cautionary, Scientific, Large Vessel Anchorage.
Special Purpose Bouys: Solid White With Orange Markings: - Information, control, Hazard, Keep Out or Swimming.
Special Purpose Bouys: Solid White: - Swimming, Diving with a flag on top.
Special Purpose Bouys: What is special about Scientific bouys?: They have a different light pattern, Yellow,
5 Flashes every 20 seconds
Fl(5)20S
Special Purpose Bouys: What color are Information, Control, Hazard, Keep Out or Mooring Bouys?: White with Orange markings.
Special Purpose Bouys: What shapes do Information, Control, Hazard, Keep Out Bouys display?: Square = Notice
Circle = Control
Diamond = Hazard
Diamond with Cross = Keep Out
Special Purpose Bouys: What color do Mooring Bouys display?: Orange over White
Name the Points and Inter-Cardinal Points of the Compass and give their direction in degrees: North = 000 or 360 Degrees
North East = 045 Degrees
East = 090 Degrees
South East = 135 Degrees
South = 180 Degrees
South West = 225 Degrees
West = 270 Degrees
north West = 315 Degrees
What precautions should you take when using a Lead Line or a Transit to steer your course?: Diligently and Aggressivly correct your course back to the correct BEARING - don't trust line of sight off the bow "Dead Ahead". Compensate for Current!
Five Steps to Lay Off A Course from a Fix.: 1-Draw a line from your Fix to where you want to go.
2- Center hole of protractor over Fix.
3- Square protractor to North on the Chart.
4- Square the protractor and Grid Lines.
5- Read the course in True at the edge of the protractor.
Red over Red: This boat is dead.
vessel not under command

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