MA-biology
Terms
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- Other sponges have skeletons consisting of _______.
- spicules
- Sponges feed on _____ and other _________.
- plankton, tiny organisms
- Water is drawn into the collar cells by the beating of the _______.
- flagella
- Sponges live in ______ water and ________ water.
- fresh, marine
- Some species of sponges have ______ sexes, but in most species, each individual is ________, Hermaphrodites produce both _______ and ________.
- separate, hermaphrodite eggs, sperm
- Sponges have no _______ stage.
- gastrula
- These layers are separtes by a jelly-like substance called _______.
- mesohyl
- Sponges can reproduce ______ by forming small buds.
- asexually
- They have no _____ tissues or ________.
- true, organs
- Sponges are supported by a simple skeleton made of a anetwork of tough, flexible protein fibers called ________.
- spongin
- the interior of the sponge is lines with flagellated cells called ______ or collar cells.
- choanocytes
- Sponges are _______, ________ organisms that do not have cell walls.
- heterotrophic, multicelluar
- Sponges are classified as ________.
- animals
- Numerous pores in the wall of the sponge are called ________.
- ostia
- Sponges regrow missing parts by the powers of _______.
- regeneration
- Spicules are tiny, hard particles of ______ or _______.
- calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide
- ____ are aquatic animals that make up the phylum Porifera.
- Sponges
- Sponges feed by ______ food out of the water.
- sieving
- Water leaves the sponge through a large opening at the top called the _______.
- osculum
- How do the nutrients get to the rest of the body?
- Nutrients pass from the choanocytes to cells that crawl about within the body wall and deliver the nutrients to the rest of the body - Crawling cells
- The crawling cells are called _______.
- amoebocytes
- Sponges range in size from ______ in length or as large as ________ in diameter.
- 1 cm, 2m
- Sponges have ______ layers of cells in the basic body plan.
- two
- What is the purpose of the gemmules?
- To be able to continue to reproduce during harsher weather like droughts or cold weather
- ______ and other wastes produced by the sponge's cells ______ into the water that passes through the sponges.
- Carbon dioxide, diffuse
- Briefly describe the sexual process that occurs in sponges.
- Sperm is released into the water by one sponge and enters the pores of second sponge. choanocytes in the second sponge engulf the sperm and transfer them to amoebocytes. Then the ameobocytes carry the sperm tothe egg located in the mesohyl.
- The method of feeding by the sponge is called _______.
- filter feeding
- How do wastes leave the sponge's body?
- The water carries these wastes as it flows out through the osculum, thus removing the wastes from the sponge.
- How often does self-fertilization happen in sponges?
- rarely
- the food that a sponge collect is ______ and ________ by the choanocytes.
- engulfed, digested
- sponges reproduce sexually by ______ and _______.
- sperm, egg
- Adult sponges are _______, which means that they attach themselves firmly to a surface and do not move
- sessile
- Why are sponges not consider to be predators?
- Because sponges are not vicious in their behavior of acquiring food.
- Sponges grow in many ________, ________ and colors.
- shapes, sizes
- They exhibit less ______ specialization than most other animals.
- cell
- What key property of all animal cells do sponges have?
- cell recognition