APES Ch. 13
Terms
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- one half
- Approximately _____ of the world's original wetlands have been lost to agriculture and coastal development.
- Japan
- ____ has a significant whaling industry and whale meat market.
- trawl fishing
- ____ has the most destructive effects on ocean floor ecosystems.
- optimum sustainable yield
- _____ is the most beneficial to fish populations when estimating marine fish populations.
- US Army Corps of Engineers
- The _____ is responsible for undoing the development of the Everglades that the same agency has done since the 1940s.
- cetaceans
- Whales and porpoises are called _____.
- International Whaling Commision
- Under the _____'s ban on whaling, Eskimos are still allowed to harvest whales.
- aquatic ecosystems
- _____ provide flood control, climate moderation, and nutrients cycling.
- commercially extinct
- When fish populations are temporarily reduced due to overfishing, they are said to be _____.
- the tragedy of the commons
- The depletion of the world's marine fish stocks due to overfishing is a classic example of _____.
- coral reefs
- Where are the most biodiversity found?
- an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure
- The lesson of the Florida Everglades destruction and restoration is a classic example of _____.
- 75
- A federal permit system for dredging of filling wetlands larger than 3 acres has helped to reduce annual wetland loss by up to _____% over the last 30 years.
- eliminating fish subsides
- _____ is one economic approach to reducing overfishing.
- shrimp trawlers
- TED have saved many turtles from _____.
- species loss
- The following are major causes for ______ in aquatic ecosystems: overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution an erosion.
- young/migration/predation/ladders
- Dams and reservoirs may kill _____ salmon, slow down stream _____, expose juvenile salmon to more _____, without _____ prevent upstream migration.
- alien species
- In the US, over half of the fish extinctions in the last century were driven to extinction by _____.
- CITIES
- A treaty banning trade in endangered species.
- Pacific Northwest
- The Columbia River is located in the _____.
- high seas
- Ocean areas beyond any country's legal jurisdiction.
- alien species
- _____ is considered the single greatest threat to the great lakes.
- FALSE
- Rivers are more vulnerable than lakes by contamination of plant nutrients, oil, toxins, and pesticides is a _____ statement.
- Zebra mussel
- _____ was introduced into the Great Lakes and has now spread through most of the major river systems in central and eastern U.S.
- Columbia River
- The dams on the _____ provide jobs, provide flood control, and produce cheap electricity.
- Everglades
- The largest wetlands restoration project in the US is in the _____.
- 90
- Of the 350 National Biosphere Reserves, _____ include coastal marine habitats.
- deep ocean
- Of all the aquatic biomes on earth, we know the least about the _____.
- the national wild and scenic rivers act
- Under _____ protection can be offered to rivers and river segments with cultural and historic value, wildlife and scenic value, and recreational value.
- $70 billion
- It costs the global fishing industry $125 billion a year to catch _____ worth of fish.
- Columbia River
- The worlds largest hydroelectric power system is located on the _____.