Biology midterm
Terms
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copy deck
- coarse adjustment
- low power
- compound scope
- same as light microscope, has more than one lens
- fine adjustment
- used on high power
- taxonomy
- study of technique of classification
- decomposers
- recycle nutrients from dead material
- dependent variable
- response
- independent variable
- change
- biochemistry
- study of the chemistry of living matter
- protons
- positively charged, located in nucleus
- polarity
- uneven distribution of electrons, water is attracted to substances
- mutualism
- symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit
- herbivores
- eat plants
- osmosis
- diffusion of water
- facilitated diffusion
- diffusion with use of proteins - no ATP needed
- stereoscope
- microscope used for dissection
- cytology
- study of cells
- pH table
- 14-6, base; 6-1, acid; 7, neutral
- lock and key hypothesis
- enyzmes have an active site, which attaches to the substrate and changes it
- aerobic
- uses oxygen
- pyramid of numbers
- relative number of individual organisms at each level
- fermentation
- process in which alcohol or lactic acid and carbon dioxide are made, located in cytoplasm
- nuclear envelope
- protects nucleus
- isotopes
- element that contains same number of proteins and electrons, but different number of neutrons
- stage
- in microscope, where you put the slide
- parasitism
- symbiotic relationship, one benefits, other is harmed
- carnivores
- eat other animals
- nucleus
- contains DNA, controls cell
- marine biology
- the study of oceanic plants and animals
- diaphragm
- regulates light
- primary productivity
- the rate at which organic matter can be produced by plants (producers)
- competitive exclusion principle
- no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time
- commensalism
- symbiotic relationship in which one benefits, other neither harmed nor benefited
- anatomy
- study of parts of plants and animals
- rainforest biome
- lots of rain, unique plants and animals
- active transport
- diffusion that requires ATP
- ribosomes
- makes proteins/enzymes
- cell membrane
- semi-permeable, protects cell
- covalent bond
- sharing of electrons between atoms
- botany
- study of plants
- Benedict's solution
- tests for simple sugar; light blue, yellow orange when simple sugar
- biotic factors
- living factors
- density independent factors
- cannot be controlled (natural disaster, climate change)
- population
- group of same species in an area
- diffusion
- molecules move from area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
- acid
- any substance that produces hydronium ions in water
- immunology
- study of immunity
- grasslands biome
- wolf, prairie chicken, temperate, rainfall
- community
- group of populations in an area
- tundra biome
- permafrost, caribous, strong winds
- glucose
- simple sugar, carbohydrate
- producers
- autotrophs
- carbon-14
- dates fossils and rocks
- nucleic acids
- organic compound, makes up DNA
- total magnification
- eyepiece x low power
- abiotic factors
- non-living factors
- nucleolus
- in nucleus, makes ribosomes
- physiology
- the study of the functions of parts of the body
- qualitative data
- descriptive
- proteins
- composed of amino acids, build up muscle; enyzmes
- ionic bond
- donates electrons to form charged atom - ion
- carbohydrates
- C, H, O - main source of readily available energy
- genetics
- study of hereditary
- cytoskeleton
- maintains shape of cell
- zoology
- study of animals
- disaccharides
- lactose, sucrose
- desert biome
- hot and dry during day, cold at night; scorpions, cactus, coyote
- primary succession
- begins in a place without soil
- polysaccharides
- many sugars combined: starch, glycogen, cellulose
- mitochondria
- generates ATP, cell respiration
- anaerobic
- does not use oxygen
- eukaryotic cell
- nucleus, membrane bound organelles, large and complex
- Iodine solution
- tests for starch; red to black
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- transports proteins
- microbiology
- the study of microscopic organisms
- base
- any substance that produces hydroxide in water
- stimuli
- causes a response
- lipids
- composed of glycerol and fatty acid; good cholesterol, support organs, stores energy, makes up cell membranes, hormones
- niche
- ecological role of organism
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- stores ribosomes
- Redi's experiment
- disproved spontaneous generation: meat in jars, with one covered and one not; the covered one has no maggots, the non-covered one does
- exponential growth
- needs unlimited resources (J curve)
- Pasteur's experiment
- disproved spontaneous generation; boiled broth; when the handle was broken off it was soon teeming with microorganisms
- Biuret's solution
- tests for protein; blue to purple
- habitat fragmentation
- break up habitats
- phenol red
- tests for acid or base; red to yellow if acid, red to purple is base
- entomology
- the study of insects
- cell wall
- made of cellulose, protects in plant cells
- density dependent factors
- directly dependent on population size (disease, famine, competition, war)
- cell specialization
- "form follows function" - the shape of a cell is directly related to its job
- semipermeable
- membrane, lets some things in, not others
- logistic growth
- demographic transition (S curve)
- autotrophs
- producers, perform photosynthesis
- energy pyramid
- amount of energy available at each trophic level
- cell theory
- 1. all living things composed of cells, 2. cell is basic unit of function and structure, 3. cells come from other living cells
- coliform bacteria
- when phecal matter is found in water
- temperate forest biome
- four seasons, oak and maple trees, deer
- heterotrophs
- need to obtain food from other living things
- prokaryotic cell
- no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, small and simple
- biological magnification
- pollutant is soluble in fat, you ingest it and it goes up the food chain, becoming more concentrated as it goes up
- tropical savanna biome
- lion, gazelle, eucalyptus, long wet season and a dry season
- monosaccharides
- glucose, fructose
- pathology
- the science of diseases
- fatty acids
- part of lipids - saturated and unsaturated
- point source
- where pollution originates
- golgi body
- stores proteins
- neutrons
- no charge in an atom, located in the nucleus
- centriole
- aids in cell division
- aquifers
- piece of land that sponges up water, underground source of drinking water
- cell organization
- specialized cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism
- ocular lens
- eyepiece
- enzymes
- proteins, speed up chemical reactions
- biomass pyramid
- amount of organic matter at each level
- taiga/coniferous forest biome
- conifers, elk, cold/temperate, moose
- lysosomes
- get rid of waste
- electrons
- negatively charged, on the shell
- ichthyology
- study of fish
- invasive species
- non-native to an area, excessive growth, no natural predators
- ozone layer
- depleted, has big holes, allowing more rays in
- secondary succession
- begins in a place with soil that once was home of organisms
- omnivores
- eat plants and animals
- quantitative data
- numbers and data
- photosynthesis
- makes oxygen and sugar, in the chloroplasts
- food chain
- one way flow of energy