Marine Biology Module #4
Terms
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- parasitism
- a relationship between two or more organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed
- scyphozoa
- a class that is in phylum cnidaria which contains the larger jellyfishes
- regeneration
- asexual reproduction when a portion of a sponge's body is broken off and it can grow into a separate sponge indentical to the original one
- nematocysts
- unique stinging structures that can paralyze or kill prey
- invertabrate
- animals that do not possess a backbone
- central nervous system
- coordinates the movements of the well developed muscles
- spongin
- a web-like skeleton of elastic protein fibers
- apically
- through the top
- tapeworm
- parasites, that have long bodies made up of repeated units
- zooxanthellae
- symbiotic dinoflagellates that live within the tissues of cnidarians
- platyhelminthes
- the phylum that contains flatworms
- hydrozoa
- a class that is in phylum cnidaria which contains the portuguese man-o-war
- nemertea
- the phylum composed of ribbon worms
- anthozoa
- a class that is in phylum cndaria which contains coral polyps and lots more
- collar cell
- a cell that has a flagellum that moves to create currents of water which flow into the sponge
- planula
- producing eggs and sperm that result in a free-swimming larva stage
- radial symmetry
- a body form in which any longitudinal cut (along the length) through the organism's central axis results in identical halves
- nerve cells
- specialized cells that allow some species to identify each other and to coordinate the "pulsing" of medusoid forms for orientation in the water column
- ventral
- referring to the bottom (or belly) surface of an animal
- laterally
- from the sides
- mesoglea
- a jelly-like substance between the inner and outer layer of cells in a cnidarian
- gastrovascular cavity
- the cavity inside a cnidarian's body where food is digested
- gemmule
- a group of cells surrounded by a shell made of spicules
- turbellaria
- the class containing turbellarians, flatworms, which are mainly free-swimming carnivores
- spherical symmetry
- a body form in which any cut through the organism's center results in identical halves
- trematoda
- a class containing over 6,000 species of flatworms
- amoebocytes
- cells within a sponge that produce its skeletal structure, perform digestion, and repair cell damage
- porifera
- the phylum that contains sponges
- larva
- an immature stage of an animal that appears different from the adult stage
- lasso cells
- when these cells come into contact with the comb jelly's prey, these cells burst open releasing sticky threads that latch onto the hapless organism
- aboral side
- the side opposite the mouth
- commensalism
- a relationship between two or more organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed or benefited
- intestine
- a bag like structure that has only one opening through which food enters and wastes are expelled
- oral side
- the side that has the mouth
- leucon
- a body type that is like the sycon type only the folded bag is folded again on itself creating an even greater surface area
- amphiblastula
- flagellated larva formed when male and female gametes join
- the forming of a coral reef
- after anthozoans bud each polyp remains attached to one another which in turn forms a coral reef
- spicules
- the form of support for larger and more complex sponges
- vertabrate
- animals that possess a backbone
- pore cells
- cells that allow water to move into the animal
- sycon
- a body type that is like the ascon except there is a slight folding of the sack creating a greater surface area
- tentacles
- the part of the body that contains nematocysts
- ctenophora
- the phylum containing radially symmetric, gelatinous bodied marine organisms, commonly called comb jellies
- cnidaria
- the phylum containing jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones
- bilateral symmetry
- a body form in which only one longitudinal cut through the organism's center results in identical halves
- ascon
- a body type that is basically like a sack filled with holes
- mutualism
- a relationship between two or more organisms of different species where both benefit from the association
- metamorphosis
- a complete morphological change from larval to adult form
- dorsal
- referring to the top (or back) surface of an animal
- budding
- when an idividual develops a small outgrowth on its body and it grows for awhile and is then pinched off so it is separate from its parent
- medusa
- a free-swimming cnidarian stage, appearing bell-like or umbrella-like
- nematoda
- the phylum composed of roundworms
- polyp
- an attached cnidarian stage, appearing sac-like or barrel-like
- flukes
- a trematode that engages in parasitism feeding of the tissues of other organisms
- septa
- found in the gastrovascular cavity these are vertical partitions that provide greater surface area for digestion
- aggregation
- the fragments of a sponge that can come back together and reorganize when broken up into tiny bits
- coelenterates
- the name of an organism that contains a coel, or a large body cavity
- host
- the organism that parasites live and feed on
- substrate
- the "holdfast" which anchors the sponge