Rangeland Management Exam 2
Terms
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- least damaging time to graze
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-dormant season
-except for shrubs
-plant not actively photosynthesizing, won't try to regrow - time to graze that has intermediate negative effect
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-when plants initiate growth
-actively growing, has significant demand for photosynthetic material
-conditions for growth optimal - most damaging time to graze
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-flower initiation through seed development
-demand for soluble CHOs high
-less favorable conditions for active photosyntheses - grazing system
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-controlled grazing management practices that manipulate livestock
-systematically control periods of grazing and rest or deferment - rest
- a period of non-grazing for a full year
- deferment
- a delay of grazing or a period of non-grazing until the seed maturity of the key forage species
- how can grazing systems affect livestock production
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-increase forage production or quality over time
-make better use of whole resource
-increase opportunities to observe livestock and reduce problems - how can grazing systems affect livestock distribution?
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-create smaller pasture
-increase stock density - how can grazing systems affect plant community composition?
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-affect evenness of grazing intensity among plants
-even out competition between plants
-provide rest or deferment to benefit some plants - grazing systems CANNOT
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-rectify mismanagement (wrong species, incorrect SR, distribution problems)
-achieve range improvement in plant communities that are dominated by long-lived woody plants - continuous
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-grazing of specific unit of land throughout whole grazing season or year
-repeated year after year
-actual grazing pressure during critical growing season is relatively light - continuous grazing suited for
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-dry flat land
-plant communities adapted to year-long grazing
-pastures with adequate water distribution - deferred rotation
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-deferment provided to each range unit (or pasture) on a rotating basis
-improve livestock distribution and improve conditino of forage - deferred rotation suitable for
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-riparian areas
-rough topography - rest-rotation
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-aka Hormay system
-full year of rest for pastures on rotating basis - rest-rotation suitable for
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-rugged terrain
-land not used for crop production or improved pasture