mgt 3301 final
Terms
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- Organizational Behavior
- the study of human behavior in organizations
- four functions of management
-
1) Planning
2) Organizing
3) Leading
4) Controling - social responsibility
- the obligation of organizations to behave in ethical and moral ways.
- High Performance Organization
- are designed to bring out the best in people and produce sustainable organizational results
- Characteristics of high-performance organizations
-
1) value people
2) mobilize teams
3) Utilize
4) thrive on learning
5) are achievement oriented - Culture
- the learned and shared ways of thinking and acting amonga group of people or society
- Organizational culture
- the shared beliefs and values that influence the behavior of organizational members
- Teams
- are groups of people who work actively together to chieve a purpose for which they are all accountable
- #3 types of teams
-
1) Teams that recommend things- upper mgt
2) Teams that run things-middle mgt
3) Teams that make or do things - workforce diversity
- describes how people differ in such respects as age, race, ethnicity, gender, physical ability, and sexual orientation.
- Multinational corporations
- a business with extensive international operations in more than one country
- aptitude
- the capability of learning something
- Perception
- the process through which people recieve, organize, and interpret information from their environment
- intuition
-
the ability to know or recognize quickly the possibilities of a siuation
(gut feeling) - Stereotype
- when one thinks of an individual as belonging to a group or category and the characteristics commonly associated with the group or category are assigned to the individual
- Halo effect
- occurs when one attribute of a perso or situation is used to develop an overall impression of the person or situation
- Self serving bias
- the tendency to deny pesonal responsibility for performance problems but to accept personal responsibility for performance success
- Maslows Theory
- hierarchy of needs theory offers a pyramid of physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self actualization needs; assumes that some needs are more important than others and must be satisfied befpre other needs can serve as motivators
- #5 distinct levels of individual needs
-
high order needs
1) self-actualization
2) Esteem
Lower order needs
3) Social
4) Safety
5) Physiological - Performance Appraisal
- a process of systematically evaluating performance and providing feedback on which performance adjustments can be made.
- goal setting
- a process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets or objectives that a person is responsible for accomplishing
- Job enrichment
- increases job content by giving workers more responsibility for planning and evaluating duties.
- Job enlargement
- increases task variety by adding new tasks of simialr difficulty to a job.
- job rotation
- increases task variety by shifting workers among jobs involving tasks of similar difficulty.
- Synergy
- The creation of the whole that is greater than the sum of its parts
- Stages of Group Developing
-
1)Forming
2) Storming
3) Norming
4) Performing
5) Adjourning - Group Thinking
- the tendency of cohesive group members to lose their critical evaluative capabilities.
- Team building
- is a collaborative way to gather and analyze data to improve teamwork.
- #3 types of Team Building
-
1) Formal retreat approach
2) continuous improvement approach
3) Outdoor experience approach - Formal retreat approach
- Team building takes place during an off- site retreat
- continuous improvement approach
- the manager, team leader, or group members themselves take responsibility for regularly engaging in the team-building process.
- outdoor experience approach
- places group members in a variety of physically challenging situations that must be mastered through teamwork, not individual work.
- Cohesiveness
- the degree in which members are attracted to a group and are motivated to remain part of it.
- Organizational Purpose
- core purpose of an organization may be stated as the creation of goods or services for customers
- Mission Statements
- written statements of organizational purpose.
- Strategy
- a comprehensive plan that guides organizations to operate in ways that allow them to outperform their competetitors.
- Organizational Charts
- are diagrams that depict the formal structures of organizations
- Adhocracy
- an organizational structure that emphasizes shared, decentralized decision making, extreme horizontal specialization; few levels of management,absence of formal control and rules
- Grafting
- the process of aquiring individuals, units, and or firms to bring in useful knowledge to the organization.
- Scanning
- looking outside the firm and bringing back useful solutions to a problem
- Benefit cycle
- a pattern of successful adjustments followed by further improvements
- Deficit cycle
- a pattern of deteriorating performance that is followed by even further deterioration
- Subculture
- unique patterns of values and philosophies within a group that are consistent with the sominant culture of the larger organization or social system
- Counter culture
- the patterns of values and philosophies that outwardly reject those of the larger organization or social system
- #4 functions of management
-
1) Planning
2) Organizing
3) Leading
4) Controlling - Planning
- defining goals, setting specific performance objectives and identifing actions need to achieve them.
- Organizing
- creating work structures and systems and arranging resources to accomplish goals and objectives
- Leading
- instilling enthusiasm by communicating with others, motivating them to work hard and maintain good inerpersonal relations
- Controlling
- ensuring that things go well by monitoring performance and taking corrective action as neccessar
- Leadership grid
- provides a framework for understanding the impact and consequences of individual team and organizational powers.
- Feedback
- the process of communicating how one feels about something another person has done or said.
- Empowerment
- the process that allows individuals and groups to make decisions affecting themselves and their work.
- Communication barriers
-
1) noise level
2) distractions - Escalating commitment
- the tendency to continue a previously chosen course of action even when feedback suggest that it is failing
- Conflict
- occurs when parties disagree over substanive isues or when emotional antagonisms create friction between them
- Benifit cycle
- a pattern of successful adjustment followed by further improvements
- Defeicit cycle
- a pattern of deteriorating performance that is followed by even further deterioration
- Sagas
- embellished heroic accounts of the story of the founding organization
- rites
- standardized and recurring activities used at special times to influence the behaviors and understanding of organizational members
- Culturl symbols
- any object, act or event that serves to transmit cultural meaning
- managerial power
- power from position
- Types of conflict
-
1) substantive conflict
2)emotional conflict - substantive conflict
- involves fundamental disagreement over ends or ga