The repoductive System
Terms
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copy deck
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: designed to deliver sperm, copulatory organ.
i. consists of attached root and shaft that ends in the glands (rich in nerve endings) - Penis
- skin around glands, usually removed in the penis
- Foreskin
- surrounds urethra, expands to form glands; forms bulb at end; paired erectile tissue. Makes up bulk of penis.
- Corpus Spongiosum
- enlargement or stiffening of penis
- Erection
- During this: CNS responds:-parasympathetic reflexes-promotes release of nitric oxide by endothelium of blood vessels-promotes vasodilation
- Sexual Excitement
- failure to achieve erection, either psychological II
- Impotency
- A pouch of skin that hang outside the abdominopelvic cavity at the root of the penis.
- Scrotum
- External positioning of the scrotum does what?
- Cooler temperature for sperm production
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When it contracts, it wrinkles the skin.
1. When it is too cold: testicles will be pulled closer to the body and the skin will become heavy and the skin wrinkles - Dartos Muscle
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Lifts testicles up-elevates.
When it is too warm: testicles will drop and skin will be smooth. - Cremaster Muscle
- Failure of testes that do not make their normal descent. Result is Sterility. What disorder is this?
- Cryptorchidism
- Male gonads that produce sperm and testosterone
- Testes
- Testes are surrounded by two tunics. What are they?
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Tunica vaginalis (outer)
Tunica albuginea (inner) - Where are the sperm actually produced? They are tubules and are highly coiled.
- Seminefrous Tubules
- endocrine cells scattered between tubules that produce testosterone and other androgens are called
- Interstitial cells
- What contains the blood vessels and nerves?
- Spermatic Cord
- branch from the abdominal aorta. Provides the nutrients that testes needs.
- Testicular arteries
- Vinelike network of vessels that surroung the testicular artery. Cools the blood before it actually enters the testicles.
- Pampiniform plexus
- What part of the nervous system brings about erection
- Parasympathetic
- What nerves bring about ejaculation
- Sympathetic
- What type of cancer is common in men between ages of 15 and 35?
- Testicular
- Plumbing system of ducts that take sperm outside the body
- Accessory
- What is the pathway of the accessory ducts?
- : From testicles it goes into epididymis>>ductus deferens>>ejaculatory duct>>Urethra>>External urethra orifice.
- What duct is Coiled Outside of testes that store sperm and where sperm gain increased motility and fertilization power. Uncoiled are 6 meters or 20 feet. Trip takes about 20 days. Upon ejaculation there is smooth musle in the walls that contract.
- Epididymus
- Muscular duct that propels sperm from the epididymus to the ejaculatory duct through the urethra.
- Ductus Deferens
- The surgical cutting and ligating of the ductus deferens. Nearly 100% effective
- Vasectomy
- The ducts that conveys not only semen, but urine
- Urethra
- What are the three urethra ducts?
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Prostratic Urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy penile urethra - What glands Produce the fluid part of the semen which provides a transport medium, nutrients and chemicals that protect and activate the sperm.
- Accessory Glands
- What vesicle Secretes a yellowish viscous alkaline fluid that contains - Accounts for 60% of the semen volume
- Seminal Vesicles
- What do the Seminal vesicles provide for energy?
- Fructose
- What accessory gland is thin or decrease the viscosity of the mucus at the cervix, that is going to assist in transporting sperm to the egg. Size and shape of your little finger. Lie at the base of the urinary bladder. Empty their seminal fluid into a du
- prostaglandin
- This gland Secretes a milky slightly acidic fluid that activate sperm and enhances it motility
- Prostrate Gland
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This is an enlarging of the prostate that leads to urinary retention as well as infection.
i. Treatment is drug therapy. - Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
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This cancer is found in Found in 50% of men over 50 years of age. Higher in black race. Detected in following ways:
a. Digital examination
b. Ultrasound
c. screening the blood for PSA (Prostate-specific antigen) - Prostrate Cancer
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This gland Secrete thick alkaline mucous that is going to provide lubrication and neutralize any acidic urine in the urethra.
1. Pea size in shape
2. Located below prostate gland on both sides of urethra
3. There are two of them
4. Em - Bulbourethral Glands Cowpers glands
- milky mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions (Seminal Vessicles, prostate and urethra glands. Alkaline nature is important for survival of sperm.
- Semen
- This mixture has the hormone relaxin in it for motility.
- Semen
- This is a Propulsion of Semen from the male duct system
- Ejaculation
- What propels sperm
- Orgasm
- During this event there is a discharge of nerve impulses sympathetic nerves that serve the genital organs and accessory glands
- Orgasm
- production of mature sperm in the seminefrous tubules by a special type of cell division called meiosis.
- Spermatogenesis
- How many sperm are created a day?
- 400 million
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number of chromosomes. ½ number of chromosomes.
a. Have one chromosome out of each homologous pair
b. Humans have 23 pairs
c. Body cells are also called sematic cells - Haploid
- Body cells or sematic cells : have one maternal and one paternal
- Diploid
- Sequence of nitrogen bases along a DNA strand that codes for a polypeptide chain that makes up a protein.
- Genes
- This is where genes are stored
- Chromosomes
- special type of cell division that forms sex cells and reduces the chromosome number to half. From diploid to haploid
- Meiosis
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1. 2 cell divisions.:
2. Production of sperm: Involves series of cell divisions, part of which are meiosis, and transformations.
3. takes place in the seminefrous tubules in the gonad - Meiosis
- 2n Stem cells (continually divide) that divide by Mitosis into two types of cells.
- Spermatagonia
- What is it called when Each spermatid is transformed into a mature sperm that become motile.
- Spermatogenesis
- The head of a spermatazoa is called what?
- Acrosome
- What has ultimate control over the testes in releaseing hormones?
- Hypothalamus
- This follicle stimulating hormone indirectly stimulates sperm production.
- FSH, or ISCH
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i. before birth it stimulates the development of the male accessory ducts make the fetus a mail.
ii. At puberty smermatogenesis, growth spurt and development of secondary sex characteristics as well as the genitals enlarging.
iii. Secondary: ch - Testosterone