Biology Chapter 39 & 40- Populations and Community Interactions
Terms
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- 3 characteristics of POPULATION
-
1. A group of organisms
2. of the same species
3. of a given area - Biotic Potential (def)
- acheiving the maximum growth of a pop
- "S" curve
- aka logistic has environmental resistance
- Carrying Capacity
- the environment can olny allow a limited amount of pops.
- Factors that provide environmental resistance
-
density dependent- depends on the size of the pop ex. flu or disease
Density independent- affect on a pop regardless of size ex. natural disasters
Predation - Survivorship curve
- take the individual and see how long their lifespan is
- Community
- a step above a pop, involves all pops in a given area
- Niche
- includes all aspects of life for one species, its habitat, all physical factors, and all interactions with community such as predation competition and parasitian
- Resource partitioning
- reduces competition b/w species, leads to adaptations they adjust to meake sure they arent excluded
- Difference b/w interspecific and intraspecific competition
-
interspecific- b/w species
intraspecific- b/w one pop - Community interactions
- b/w pop are the forces of natural selection, shaping the bodies and behavior of the species involved overtime (evo, coevo)
- Predation
- Predator vs. Prey
- Strategies for prey
-
Camuflage
Startle coloration-scare off enough time to get away
Warning coloration-bright colors
Mimicry-copy cat of warning colorations - Symbiosis
- two species taht have a long term close relationship
- types of symbiosis
-
Parastism
Commensalism
Mutualism - Parastism
-
1 pop has a (+) outcome/ other has a (-)
ex. fleas and worms
ecto (out) and endo (in) body - Commensalism
-
1 pop benefits and other gets nothing
ex. poison ivy growing on a tree, tree doesnt get hurt and ivy has a home to grow - Mutualism
- both pop have benefits
- What are the functions of the urinary system?
- filter the blood and produce urine
- functions of the kidneys?
-
regulate-water content
-ph level
-ion levels (electrolytes)
-nutrient content
-02 level
Excrete-urea and other wastes
-drugs - Why is excretion of nitrogenous wastes necessary
- b/c its toxic
- Where do nitrogen wastes come from?
- excess amino acids (protein)
- Why do birds and reptiles convert their nitrogenous waste to uric acid form?
-
b/c the eggs would be poisened
birds can't fly with full bladders so they have concentrated urine to not lose alot of water - Whats the difference b/w ureter and the urethra?
-
Ureter-carries urine from kidneys to the bladder
Urethra-expells urine from the bladder - why are females more susceptible to bladder infections than males are?
- Women have a shorter urethra and more susceptible to bacteria
- Nephron
- the functional unit of the kidney, composed of glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct
- Function of the glomerulus
- blood filter
- function of Bowman's capsule
- collects what is filtered
- function of proximal tubule
- reabsorption
- function of loop of henle tubule
- reabsorption
- function of distal tubule
- secretion of urine
- function of collecting duct
- concentration
- About how often is your entire blood volume filtered each day?
- 350 ml
- What happens if it was not filtered?
- die of poisoning
- about 99% of the water that is removed from the blood (the filtrate) gets returned to the blood. How?
- reabsorbed by proximal and loop in order to not get dehydrated
- What substances should normally be presented in the urine?
- water (1%), wastes, urea, minerals, drugs
- What should NOT be present in urine
- blood cells, proteins, ammonia
- How does alcohol affect kidney function
- ADH hormone makes your brain think your water level is too high and you urinate alot and you lose alot of water and become dehydrated
- What is hemodialysis and how does it work?
- a machine that cleans out blood when your kidney doesnt work