Science Exam Terms
Terms
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- Static charge
- The buildup of electric charge in an object caused by the uneven distribution of charged particles
- Magnetic Domain
- A group of atoms whose magnetic fields align, or point in the same direction. Magnetic materials have magnetic domains, whereas nonmagnetic materials do not
- Ohm
- the unit of measurement for electrical resistance
- Electromagnet
- A magnet that consists of a piece of iron or steel inside a coil of current-carrying wire
- Resistor
- An electrical device that slows the flow of charge in a circuit
- Electric Charge
- A property that allows one object to exert an electric force on another object without touching it. Electric charge can be postive or negative: postive charge is a property of the proton, while negative charge is a property of the electron
- Generator
- A device that converts K.E, or the energy of motion, into electrical energy. Genertaors produce electric current by rotating a magnet within a coil of wire or rotatung a coil of wire within a magnetic field
- Parallel Circuit
- A circuit in which current follows more than one pah. Each device that is wierd in a parallel circuit has its own path to and from the voltage source
- Electric Current
- A continuous flow of electric charge, which is measured in amperes
- Alternating Current
- Electric current that reverses direction at regular intervals
- Circuit
- A closed path through which charge can flow
- Electric Field
- An area surrounding a charged object, within which the object can exert an electric force on anthoer object without touching it
- Watt
- the unit of measurement for power, which is equal to one joule of work done or energy transferred in one second
- Magnetic Field
- An area surrounding a magnet within the magnet can exert a force. Magnetic fields are concentrated into a pattern of lines that extend from the magnets northe pole to its south pole
- Conductor
- A material that transfers electric charge easily
- Kilowatt
- A unit of measurement for power eual to 1000 watts
- Ohm's Law
- The matheatical relationship among current, voltage, and resistance, expressed in the formula I=V/R
- Electromagnetism
- Magnetism that results from the flow of electric charge
- Short Circuit
- An unintended and undesired path connecting one part of a circuit with another
- Resistance
- The property of amaterial that determines how easily a charge can move through it. Resistance is measured in ohms
- Magnetism
- The force exerted by a magnet. Opposite poles of two magnets attract, or pull together, whereas like poles of two magnets repel, or push apart
- Insulator
- A material that does not transfer electric charge easily
- Electric Potential
- The amount of P.E per unit charge that a static charge or electric current has. Electric potencial is measured in volts and is often called voltage
- Induction
- The build-up of a static charge in an object when the object is close to, but not touching, a charge object
- Kilowatt-hour
- The unit of measurement for electrical energy equal to one killowatt of power over a one-hour period
- Magnet
- An object that attracts certain materials, particulary iron and steel
- Direct Current
- Electric current that flows in one direction only
- Ampere
- The unit of measurement of electric current, which is equal to one coulumb per second. The number of amps flowing through a circuit equals the circuit's amperage
- Grounding
- The creation of a harmless, low-resistance path-a ground- for electricty to follow
- Series Circuit
- A circuit in which current follows a single path. Each device that is wierd in a series circuit shares a path to and from the voltage source
- Magnetic Pole
- One of the two ends of a magnet where the magnetic force is the strongest. Every magnet has two poles
- Electric Power
- The reate at which electrical energy is generated from, or converted into, another source of energy, such as kinetic energy
- Volt
- The unit of measurement for electric potential, which is equal to one joule per coulomb. The number of volts of an electric charge equals the charge's voltage
- Electric Cell
- A device that produces electric current using the chemical or physical properties of different materials. A battery consists of two or more cells linked together
- Transformer
- A device that uses electromagnetism to increase or decrease voltage. A transformer is often used in the distribution of current from power plants