Earth Science Review
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- a hydrothermal solution
- Which agent of metamorphism can cause the overall composition of the rock to change
- meteorites
- Evidence that Earth's core has a high iron content comes from ___
- magma with high silica, high viscosity, and higher gas content
- Highly explosive volcanoes tend to have what type of magma
- clastic sedimentary rock
- What type of sedimentary rock is formed from weathered particles of rocks and minerals?
- compressional stress
- What is the major type of stress that occurs at convergent plate boundaries?
- Age increases
- How does the age of seafloor sediments change with increasing distance from the ocean ridge?
- convergent oceanic-oceanic boundary
- Volcanic island arcs are associated with what type of plate boundary
- plutons
- Structures that form from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath Earth's surface are ___
- texture and composition
- A metamorphic rock can be classified according to its ___
- folded, fault-block, volcanic
- hich of the following lists includes the major types of mountains
- lava
- Which of the following is NOT considered to be a rock?
- size of volcanoes cone
- Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting how violently or quietly a volcano erupts
- fault-block mountains
- What type of mountains are most common at divergent plate boundaries?
- decreases
- As the rate of cooling of igneous rocks increases, the size of the crystals that form __
- batholith
- The largest intrusive igneous body is called a ___
- composition and structure
- What determines the properties of a mineral?
- glassy texture
- Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves into crystals will form igneous rocks with a ____
- large blocks of crust are uplifted along normal faults
- In a typical fault-block mountain, ___
- 6.0
- What is the hardness of an unknown mineral that scratches glass, but will not scratch quartz?
- thick sections of crustal material float higher than thinner slabs
- According to the process of isostatic adjustment, ___
- strike-slip faults
- Faults in which movement is mainly horizontal and parallel to the trend of the fault surface are called ____
- P waves
- Which seismic waves compress and expand rocks in the direction the waves travel?
- rhyolite
- Which of the following is an example of an extrusive igneous rock?
- luster
- The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral is called ____
- rift valley
- A divergent boundary at two oceanic plates can result in a __
- the mountains of Japan
- Which of the following is an example of mountains formed as a result of ocean-ocean convergence
- a nearby mass of magma
- Most of the heat for contact metamorphism is supplied by ___
- ring of fire
- Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the ___
- migrations across land bridges
- How did opponents of continental drift account for the existence of similar fossils on widely separated continents?
- its viscosity decreases
- As the temperature of lava increases, ____
- 5-10%
- It is estimated that, in the future, wind energy could produce what percentage of the nation's demand for electricity
- dif texture.
- why can two igneous rocks have the same minerals but different names
- size of seismic waves it produces
- An earthquake's magnitude is a measure of the ___
- ron-rich rocks show the location of the magnetic poles at the time of their formation
- According to the property of paleomagnetism, ___
- age of rock
- Which of the following is NOT a major factor that influences the strength of a rock
- Compounds form when atoms are less stable in a combined form.
- Which of the following statements about the chemical combination of atoms to form compounds is NOT true?
- accretionary wedge
- An accumulation of different sedimentary and metamorphic rocks combined with scraps of ocean crust is called a(n) ___
- gneiss
- Which of the following metamorphic rocks would most likely have formed at the highest temperatures and pressures
- how they formed
- The three groups of rocks are classified by ____
- compound
- When two or more elements bond together in definite proportions, they form a(n) ____.
- size!
- how are intrusive bodies clasified?
- peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite
- Which of the following lists presents forms of coal in the correct order from the first stage of development to the last stage of development
- distance to the epicenter of an earthquake
- A travel-time graph can be used to find the _
- be eroded to near sea level
- Because of isostasy, a mountain will ultimately ___
- hydrothermal solutions
- Vein deposits are usually produced by ____
- The rocks may have different textures
- Why can two igneous rocks have the same minerals but different names?
- fracture
- What is the uneven breakage of a mineral called?
- volcanic island arc
- Which type of landform develops at plate boundaries where one oceanic plate descends beneath another
- outer core
- Through which Earth layer are S waves NOT transmitted?
- water vapor
- What is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity?
- falling water that turns a turbine
- Hydroelectric power is produced by ____
- composition
- Minerals are classified by ____.
- atom
- The smallest particle of an element that still retains all the element's properties is a(n) ____
- small amounts of different elements
- The color of a mineral, such as fluorite, changes due to ____.
- the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
- Which of the following is an example of a mountain range formed at a divergent boundary
- aggregate
- Which of the following is a nonmetallic mineral resource?
- erosional deformation
- Which of the following is NOT a form of rock deformation?
- boundary between the crust and the mantle
- The Moho is ___
- limestone
- Which of the following nonmetallic mineral resources is used both as a building material and as an industrial mineral?
- pahoehoe
- Which of the following is NOT considered to be a pyroclastic material
- magma
- Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of rock?
- deep within Earth
- Mineral formation caused by high pressures and high temperatures would most likely occur in which of the following environments
- porphyritic texture
- The igneous rock texture that is characterized by two distinctly different crystal sizes is called ____
- high confining pressure
- Under which of the following conditions do rocks exhibit ductile deformation?
- natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water
- What is the source of geothermal energy
- cleavage
- The tendency of minerals to break along smooth flat surfaces is called ____
- upwarping
- The Black Hills of South Dakota were formed by what type of orogenesis
- Most rocks are a mixture of minerals
- Which of the following is true about rocks?
- accretion
- The collision and joining of crustal fragments to a continent is called continental ___
- divergent boundary
- The Red Sea is theorized to be the site of a recently formed ___
- the summit of a volcano collapsed
- Crater Lake in Oregon was produced when ___
- cotton
- Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?
- the Alps in Europe
- An example of folded mountains can be seen in ___
- be eroded to near sea level
- Because of isostasy, a mountain will ultimately __
- isotapes
- Atoms containing the same numbers of protons and different numbers of neutrons are ____.
- silicates
- The most common mineral group in Earth's crust is the ____
- ductile deformation
- The type of deformation in which the object permanently changes size and shape without fracturing is called __
- an be replenished over months, years, or decades
- Renewable resources ____
- color
- Which of the following properties is generally the least useful in identifying minerals?
- measurement of the amplitude of the largest seismic waves
- The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the ___
- Melting temperature increases
- In general, an increase in the confining pressure results in what change in a rock's melting temperature
- conglomerate
- Which sedimentary rock would most likely be deposited in a very high-energy stream?
- areas where the rocks have a reversed polarity
- What do the strips of low-intensity magnetism represent on the ocean floor?
- convergent oceanic-continental boundary
- Continental volcanic arcs are associated with what type of plate boundary
- They have very steep sides. They are usually less than 300 meters high. They often occur in groups.
- Which of the following is true about cinder cones
- normal fault
- A fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall is a ____
- hardness
- Mohs scale is used to determine what property of minerals?
- 8
- If the atomic number of an element is 6 and its mass number is 14, how many neutrons are contained in the nucleus?
- sulfur
- All minerals in the sulfate and sulfide groups contain what element
- sedimentary rocks
- What type of rocks are formed by processes powered by the sun?
- Controlled nuclear chain reaction produces heat, driving steam turbines to produce energy.
- How does nuclear fission produce energy?
- by building a dam across the mouth of a bay or an estuary in a coastal area
- How is tidal power harnessed
- texture and composition
- A metamorphic rock can be classified according to its ____
- volcanic neck
- The volcanic landform that is formed when the more resistant volcanic pipe remains after most of the cone has been eroded is called a __
- magma composition
- Which of the following plays a major part in determining the form of a volcano
- by their size
- How are intrusive igneous bodies classified
- oceanic ridges
- The volcanic landforms at divergent ocean plate boundaries are ___
- joining two segments of a mid-ocean ridge
- Where are most transform faults found?
- normal faults
- Tensional stresses commonly cause which of the following
- decreases
- As the rate of cooling of igneous rocks increases, the size of the crystals that form ____.