Science Notes-mrs.vandop big test
Terms
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- black hole
- a region of space resulting from the collapse of a star
- Asterism
- (astronomy) a cluster of stars (or a small constellation)
- Nuclear Fusion
- the action or process of combining two atomic nuclei to produce a nucleus of greater mass
- Hubble
- A unit of astronomical distance equal to raise to the power light-years or × ( raise to the power meters)
- elliptical galaxy
- a galaxy shaped like an oval, or ellipse
- Neap Tide
- When the tidal range is lowest. (first moon and third moon)
- Lunar Eclipse
- the earth interrupts light shining on the moon
- Astronomer
- person who studies the universe
- Astronomy
- Is the study of object in space including stars planets and comets.
- Big Bang Theory
- (cosmology) the theory that the universe originated 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small mass of matter at extremely high density and temperature
- Solstices
- changes in season marked by summer & winter
- solar mass
- the quantity equal to the mass of the Sun
- Perihelion
- nearest point to the sun in the orbit of a planet or comet
- Sloar Flares
- An extremely volent eruption on the surface of the sun resulting in intense emission of ultraviolet radiation, x-rays and solar matter
- Meteor
- (astronomy) any of the small solid extraterrestrial bodies that hits the earth's atmosphere
- redshift
- A shift of spectral lines in the light of an object toward the red. Means object is moving away from the Earth(most common shift)
- Geocentric
- having the earth as the center
- quasar
- an extremely distant celestial object whose power output is thousands of times that of our entire galaxy
- Solar wind
- a stream of protons moving radially from the sun
- Aphelion
- The place in the Earth's orbit where Earth is farthest away from the sun.
- red giant
- a very large red star with little energy produced
- Baseline
- q, a starting point, a measurement or an observation that is documentd so that it can be used for future comparison; also defined as the original project plans plus approved changes
- Spectroscope
- an optical instrument for spectrographic analysis
- Revolution
- refers to the motion of Earth around the sun.
- radiation
- The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves.
- Kepler
- German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)
- White dwarf
- Small dense star
- Terrestrial Planet
- a planet having a compact rocky surface like the Earth's
- electromagnetic
- pertaining to or exhibiting magnetism produced by electric charge in motion
- Photoperiod
- the length of time of the light period in a day
- Solar Eclipse
- the moon interrupts light from the sun
- protoplanet
- An early state of a planet
- Spectrum
- colored band produced when a beam of light passes through a prism; broad and continuous range; Ex. whole spectrum of modern thoughts
- local group
- A gathering of roughly 30 Galaxies in which the Milky way belongs
- Core
- the central part of the Earth
- Constellation
- a configuration of stars as seen from the earth
- Copernicus
- Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)
- Light Year
- the distance traveled by a beam of light in 1 year
- Rotation
- the act of rotating as if on an axis
- Black Dwarf
- the star is now dead
- Triangulation
- when a group member attempts to mediate a conflict and inadvertently maintains or worsens the conflict, or is hurt in the process
- Asteroid
- any of numerous small celestial bodies composed of rock and metal that move around the sun (mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter)
- Cepheid Variable Stars
- used to determine the distance of nearby galaxies
- equinoxes
- when a day and night are of equal length in both hemispheres
- Retrograde motion
- the motion that planets reverse direction from the stars.
- Comet
- A ball of frozen dust and rock that orbits the sun and has a tail that glows
- spiral galaxy
- a galaxy having a spiral structure
- Cromosphere
- reddish glow from the middle layer of the sun's atmosphere
- nebula
- an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space
- Spring Tide
- When the tidal range is greatest. (full moon and new moon)
- supernova
- a star that explodes and becomes extremely luminous in the process
- space probe
- a rocket-propelled guided missile that can escape the earth's atmosphere
- refracting telescope
- optical telescope that has a large convex lens that produces an image that is viewed through the eyepiece
- open cluster
- a star cluster that has a loose, disorganized appearance and contains no more than a few thousand stars
- reflecting telescope
- uses mirrors and convex lenses, optical telescope consisting of a large concave mirror that produces an image that is magnified by the eyepiece
- ptolemy
- Alexandrian astronomer who proposed a geocentric system of astronomy that was undisputed until Copernicus (2nd century AD)
- Heliocentric
- having the sun as the center
- Crona
- outermost, largest layer of the Sun's atmosphere; extends millions of kms into space and has temps up to 2 million K
- Big Splash Theory
- how the moon got created ( see notes)
- protostar
- hot contracting cloud of dust and gases
- astronomical units
- The average distance between the earth and the sun; approximately 150 million kilometers.
- Circumpolar constellation
- a constellation that is visible year round
- Solar prominences
- link different parts of sunspot regions together
- Meteorite
- stony or metallic object that is the remains of a meteoroid that has reached the earth's surface
- Photosphere
- the inner layer of the sun's atmosphere
- Gas Giants
- planets made up mostly of substances that would be gases on Earth-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
- celestial sphere
- the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected
- Sun spots
- black spots on the sun's surface (photosphere), cooler than the surrounding area because of the sun's magnetic field that keeps in heat and light
- Seasons
- are the periods of the year that are distinguished by special climate conditions.