History Test II
Terms
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- _____ _____ drove the machines during the early stages of the Industrial Revolution.
- Water Power
- Waterpowere represented an ___________ ____ _____ _____ but it did have problems.
- improvement over human power
- The water flow could vary with _______.
- seasons
- A factory had to be located beside a _____ _____.
- steam river
-
Often factories were not located near
1. ___ materials
2. labor ______
3. _______ -
raw
supply
markets - People found a more continuous,dependable and portable source through the _____ _____.
- steam power
- Who created the engine that was used to pump water to mines?
- Thomas Newcome
- What year did Thomas Newcome invent his engine?
- 1712
- What did Thomas Newcome engine's do?
- Pumped water from mines
- Thomas Newcome's engine was a _____ engine.
- crude
- The crude engine was ____ and _________ to operate.
- slow & expensive
- What was James Watt?
- A Scottish instrument maker and engineer
- What did James Whatt do?
- Made several improvement to the steam engine
- What did James Watt use to create steam?
- Heated water with coal
- THe Textile Industries quickly adopted the Watt engine to the New ________ & _______ Machines.
- Spinning & Weaving.
- Steam replaced ______ as industrys most powerful source.
- Water
- Becuase of ______, it was possible to create factories anywhere.
- steam
- The inventions of more machines produced a great demand for more ____.
- ironm
- It was discovered that ____ worked better than wood or charcoal.
- Coal
- Who had large amount of the resources needed?
- Britain
- Why did many early steel engines explode?
- Because the iron used to build them couldn't stand the high resources of steam.
- Steel is _______________
- iron with certain impurities removed.
- In the early 1800s the process to make steel was too slow & ________.
- expensive
- Who developed a difficient method of making steel?
-
William Kelly
Henry Bessimer - What was the method of making steel by William Kelly and Henry Bessemer called?
- Bessemer Process
- What did the Bessemer Process Involve?
- Forcing air through the molten iron to burn out carbon and other impurities.
- What positive things did the Bessemer process do?
- Greatly reduced the time needed to turn iron into steel and this produced inexpensive steel.
- Becuase of the Bessemer Process, the price of Steel _________ ________.
- dropped rapidly
- What was produced from the Power Driven Machinery?
-
1. Shoes
2. Clothing
3. Paper
4. Lumber
5. Ammunition - When did the Oil industry develop?
- After 1850
- Why did people start the Oil Industry?
- Becuase they were discourage w/ how to use crude oil or petroleum oil to produce Parrafin for candles.
- What was transformed by the Industrial Revolution?
- Transportation
- What happened to raods w/ thick dust in dry weather?
- They Blurred.
- What happened to roads when it rained?
- They were buried in slirry mudd when it rained and made travel difficult.
- How far could a passanger in a stage coahc travel in 1 day?
- 50 miles
- What made less progress in a days journey?
- Packed Horses & Clumsy Wagons
- What made improved transportation necessary?
- Industrialization
- What did factories require the delivery of?
- Raw materials
- Who worked on a new way of building roads?
- John McAdam
- How did John McAdam improve roads?
- He put layers of carefully selected small stones atop a road bed of large stones.
- The stone roads were called _________ Roads.
- McAdam
- What is used to today to bind roads together?
- Asphalt
- What did Britain have that served as highways?
- Networks of Rivers
- What would eventually be turned toward transportation?
- Steam Power
- What connected rivers?
- Canals
- What made the production of Canals increase?
- Engineers using locks or gates to regulate the level & flow of water
- When were many canals built?
- Between 1760 & 1850
- Who established the first regular inland steamboat service?
- Robert Fulton
- Who had the "Clermont"?
- Robert Fulton
- What was Robert Fulton's boat called?
- The Clermont
- Where was the Clermont launched?
- Hudson River, 1807
- Where did the Clermont take regular trips to?
- Albany & NYC
- What year did the Great Western cross the Atlantic Ocean?
- 1838
- What was the name of the ship operated compant that crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days?
- Great Western
- What ocean did teh Great Western cross?
- Atlantic
- How many days did it take the Great Western to cross the Atlantic Ocean?
- 15
- What textbook pages should you be reading?
- 494 - 497