WC: Ch. 23
Terms
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- What began when power-driven machinery in factories replaced the work done in homes?
- Industrial revolution
- What was an advantage of factory work?
- Mass quanities of goods produced
- Before the IR, what did people mostly rely on to make a living?
- Farming
- Why, before the IR, were families relatively small?
- Very high infant death rate (1/3)
- What was the life expectancy before the IR?
- 40 years
- About what percent of Europe's population lived in towns or cities?
- 25%
- In the 1700s, what was the largest city in Europe, with what population?
- London, about 700,000
- Who was a famous British novelist in London in the early 1800s?
- Charles Dickens
- Where did most people liven in preindustrial times?
- Small country villages with a few hundred people
- Before the IR, who controlled the majority of the village land, renting most of it to small farming families?
- Wealthy landowners
- What were the public lands that most villages had?
- Village commons
- Why were village economies limited to the local area?
- transporting goods was difficult, unprofitable
- Before the IR, what did all daily activities revolve around for the peasants?
- Farming
- Before the IR: In addition to farming, many people worked where?
- Small industries, coal mines
- Before the IR, what was the relationship between small factories and farms?
- Harvest season- factory workers helped with harvest; Winter- farmers worked in factories
- In Great Britain (pre-IR), what was the industry that was almost as popular as farming?
- woolen industry
- What is when merchants hired workers to produce woolens in their own homes?
- domestic system
- What did the domestic system depend on?
- a network of workers
- What allowed landowners to enclose property?
- enclosure movement
- What is money to invest in labor, machines, and raw materials?
- Capital
- What was England's greatest resource?
- labor
- Business people?
- entrepreneurs
- Who invented the flying shuttle?
- John Kay
- Who invented the spinning jenny?
- James Hargreaves
- Who developed the water frame?
- Richard Arkwright
- Who invented the power loom?
- Edmund Cartwright
- Who created the spinning mule?
- crompton
- Who developed the cotton gin?
- Eli Whitney
- Who designed the steam engine?
- James Watt
- Who developed methods to produce steel from iron?
- Henry Bessemer, William Kelly
- What involves continually expanding factories or investing in new businesses?
- industrial capitalism
- Who contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts?
- Eli Whitney
- Who encouraged manufacturers to dived tasks into detailed and specific segments of a step-by-step procedure?
- Fred Taylor
- Who used the assembly line to make Model Ts?
- Henry ford
- What is a business org involving two or more entrepreneurs who can raise more capital and take on more business than if each went in alone?
- partnership
- What takes the idea of partnership many steps further (owned by stockholders...)?
- Corporations
- What is the lowest point in the business cycle?
- depression
- Who created the telegraph?
- morse
- Who devised the wireless telegraph?
- marconi
- Who invented the telephone?
- alex graham bell
- Who invented the phonograph?
- Thomas Edison
- Who invented the incandescent lightbulb?
- Thomas Edison
- Who developed an oil burning motor?
- Rudolph Diesel
- Who streamlined the dirigible?
- Ferdinand von Zeppelin
- What is a worker association called?
- labor union
- What was when union leaders and an employer meet together to discuss problems and reach an agreement?
- collective bargaining