MRI lower extremity

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What 3 bones make up the acetabulum: Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
What is the centering for a hip?: symphysis pubis
On a coronal hip localizer, slices are prescribed from where to where?: Posterior to anterior musculature
What must be visualized on a coronal hip localizer?: Ilium and superior acetabulum to below lesser trochanter
Why do a coronal hip STIR?: Bony pathology
Contusion
mets
On sagittal hip slices are prescribed from where to where?: greater trochanger to the articular portion of the acetabulum
What must be visualized on a sagittal hip?: Ilium and superior acetabulum to below lesser trochanter
On a sagittal FSE T2 FATSAT hip slices are prescribed from where to where?: Greater trochanter to the articular portion of the aacetabulum
What does a FSE T2 FATSAT of the hip demonstrate?: flattening of the femoral head associated with AVN
cartilage tears
muscle tears
edema
On an axial hip slices are prescribed from where to where?: superior edge of lesser trochanter to articular portion of acetabulum
What is often used for labral tears?: arthogram
What scan is used for an arthrogram?: 3D
What is the main artifact source in a hip?: Flow from femoral and iliac vessels
Flow comp makes ____ brighter and is useful on __W images: Fluid
T2W
What sequences should and shouldn't be used for hip prosthesis?: NO GRE
use SE or FSE with broad BW
What do the femoral condyles articulate with?: Tibial plateaus
Coronal femur slices are prescribed from where to where?: skin to skin along entire femur
What sequence is used for marrow space?: STIR
How is ghosting from the femoral vessels minimized?: spatial presats placed S and I
What are 4 properties of the patella?: Largest sesamoid bone
flat triangular bone
protects anterior joint surface
increases leverage of the quad extensor muscle
What is a meniscus: C shaped fibrous tissue
cushions articulation of condyles and tibial plateaus
Which meniscus is broader?: Medial
Which ligaments give stability to knee?: Cruciate
Which cruciate ligament is stronger?: PCL
What is a flattening of the undersurface of the patella characterized by patellar tracking cartilage problems?: Chondromalcia patella (CMP)
What is a baker's cyst?: Synovial cyst that forms usually in the posterior knee
What is a baker's cyst associated with?: Rheumatoid arthritis
Where is the center of the knee coil placed?: Lower border of patella
What ligament is oriented into the sagittal plane with a 10 degree external rotation: ACL
On the axial FSE T2 knee slices are prescribed from where to where?: Patella to tibial tuberosity
What is demonstrated by a knee axial FSE T2: patello-femoral joint
What must be visualized on a sagittal SE PD: lateral and medial collateral ligaments
On a sagittal SE PD knee slices are prescribed from where to where?: collateral ligaments through condyles with superior patella and tibial tuberosity on image
What does a PD knee demonstrate?: Tendon and meniscal damage
What does a sagittal FSE T2 FATSAT knee demonstrate?: Joint effusions
Bony pathology
Interstitial tears and partial meniscal tears
What confirms an ACL tear?: Non visualization on T2 fatsat
What sequence best demonstrates knee joint anatomy, meniscal tears, musculature, and the collateral ligaments?: FSE PD FATSAT
What sequence best demonstrates knee articular cartilage and collateral ligaments?: PD FATSAT
What sequence best demonstrates meniscal pathology?: T2W
What is the main source of artifacts in the knee?: Pulsation from the popliteal vessels
On what knee sequence is GMN useful?: T2W
What is the name of the formation of nitrogen bubbles?: Caisson disease
What is osteochondrosis of the head of femur in children?: Legg-Calve-Perth disease
What is the most commonly affecte site of AVN?: hip
Who is more affected by AVN?: M 4:1
What are 3 symptoms of AVN: Joint pain
Limited ROM
Decreased usage of limb
A Serpiginous line (low SI) with a fatty center is characteristic of what?: AVN
avn has what kind of SI on a t1: focal subchondral low
Hip dislocations are commonly associated with what?: femoral fracture
What is the most common type of hip dislocation?: posterior with fracture to posterior acetabulum
What are the S&S of hip dislocation?: Pain and loss of function

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