Ag 422 Local Anes
Terms
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- What is the used of a chemical agent which disrupts the nerve impulse transmission in sensory neurons, leading to temporary loss of sensation?
- Local Anesthesia
- What are the advantages of local anesthesia?
-
>minimal equipment
>minimal systemic side effects
>low cost
>excellent pain control
>minimal patient recovery time - What are the disadvantages of local anesthesia?
-
>some risk of overdose
>requires cooperative patient
>precise placement of drug
>ineffective in fat, none, cartialge,fascia, tendon & other connective tissues - Locals affet _________ and ________ while general anesthetics affect the brain.
-
peripheral nervous system
spinal cord - Sensations are lost in what order when using locals?
- pain, cold, warmth, joint sensation, deep pressure in caudal abdo and pelvic limbs
- Procaine is classified as what type of drug?
- short acting
- What is the onset of procaine and what is the duration of action?
-
Onset - 3-5 minutes
30-60 minute duration - What are the intermediate acting locals?
-
lidocaine
mepivicaine - What is the onset and duration of action of lidocaine?
-
Onset - 3-5 minutes
60-90 minute duration - What is the onset and duration of action of mepivicaine?
-
Onset - 3-5 minutes
2-3 hour duration - What drug is a long acting local anesthetic?
- Bupivicaine
- What is the onset and duration of action of Bupivicaine?
-
Onset - 20-30 minutes
4-6 hour duration - Epinephrine is added to lidocaine to?
-
>prolong the effect
>reduces potential for toxicity - What is the injection site in dogs and cats for epidural injections?
- lumbo-sacral junction (b/t L-7 and S-1)
- The spinal cord terminates in a group of neurons called?
- cauda equine
- To perform epidural anesthesia the injection site must be made where?
- epidural space
- The epidural space is located where?
- b/t the ligamentum flavum and the dura mater
- A spinal or intrathecal injection is when the anesthetic is placed where?
- subarachnoid space
- The subarachnoid space is located where?
- b/t the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater
- If an intrathecal injection is performed the volume of anesthetic should be reduced by _____?
- 50%