liver diseases
Terms
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elevated liver enzymes
enzymes the liver makes to help with metabolic process (catalyze chemical reactions) -
aspartate aminotransferase
lactic dehydrogenase
alkaline phosphate
alanin aminotransferase
gamma glutamyltransferase - enlarged liver
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obstruction of inf vena cava (caval obstruction with pedal edema)
portal hypertension and splenomegaly
depression of the clotting mechanism, easy bleeding
circulating plasma protein is decreased - acites
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compression of abdominal lymphatics
portal passive congestion
hypoalbuminemia (decreased plasma proteins)
sodium retention (reduce blood flow velocity through kidneys)
impaired water excretion
elevated plasma bilirubin with jaundice
pruritis - Hepatitis A
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type A virus (HAV)
**oral fecal route mode of entry
28 day incubation
4-6 week course (self limiting) - anasarca
- swelling everywhere
- S&S of Hep A
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constitutional
nausea and diahhrea
jaundice with pruritis
hepatomegaly, elevated enzymes
aversion to food and cigarette smoke - Hepatitis B
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type B virus
mode of entry (inoculation, oral fecal route, or STD)
120 day incubation
variable course
carriers may exist (2%) - S&S of hep B
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constituional
nausea and diarrhea
jaundice with pruitis
hepatomegaly, elevated enzymes
aversion to food and cigarette smoke - hep B
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90% complete recovery
2% carriers
10% chronic progressive hepatitis - non A/ non B hepatitis
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type C - similar to HBV
blood transfusion related
IV drug
STD??
50% develop chronic hepatitis
20% cirrhosis or hepatic cancer
get it from tattoos, body piercing, drugs (needles)
RNA virus
1-6% may be carriers - S&S of hep C
- same as hep A and B
- cirrhosis
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end result of liver disease
alcohol related (50%)
develop fatty liver
marked ascites
cirrhosis progression (cobblestone appearance, replacement with scar tissue, end stage liver disease, hepatocellular failure) - hepatocelluar failure
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uniformly fatal
contributing events (hemmorrhage, failure to detoxify ammonia, metabolic acidosis, hepatic encephalopathy) - acute pancreatitis
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inflammation of pancreativ tissue and ducts
overuse of alcohol
mild to severe pain
95% resolution in a few days-few weeks
prolonged cases result in autodigestion of the pancreas - prancreatic neoplasia
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benign cysts and tumors
malignante tumors (5 year survival)
occurs most often in AA males
risk factos (smoking, diabetes mellitus, aging) - cholelithiasis (gall stone)
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6 F's (fat, fair, fertile, flatulent, forty, and female)
disease of older individuals (>65 years)
females>males - S&S gall stones
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pain upper right qudrant
may radiate to the mid upper back
relife pain food pattern