American History E Things/Ideas
Terms
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- knights of labor
- First nationwide industrial union
- free silver
- the unlimited production of silver coins
- confederacy
- the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861
- nativism
- a policy of favoring native-born individuals
- the grange
- Originally a social organization between farmers, it developed into a political movement for government ownership of railroads
- molly maguires
- a society fo irish miners who engaged in a violent confrontation with pennsylvania mining companies in the 19th century
- carpetbagger
- Northerner who traveled south to make money off of the Reconstruction
- secession
- formal separation from an alliance or federation
- transcontinental railroad
- Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US
- political machine
- well organized political organization that controls election results by awarding jobs and other favors in exchange for votes
- initiative
- allowed all citizens to introduce a bill into the legislative and required members to take a vote on it
- imperialism
- A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.
- solid south
- Term applied to the one-party (Democrat) system of the South following the Civil War. For 100 years after the Civil War, the South voted Democrat in every presidential election.
- dollar diplomacy
- Taft would throw money at problems first, then send military if needed
- union
- being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the Civil War
- progressivism
- One of most successful reform movements in US history, began locally, then state, then national
- manifest destiny
- the United States should stretch from "sea to shining sea"
- gilded age
- Appears to sparkle but beneath the surface lies corruption, crime, poverty, and disparities in wealth
- trust busting
- government activities seeking to dissolve corporate trusts and monopolies (especially under the United States antitrust laws)
- referendum
- voters cast ballots for or against proposed laws
- robber baron
- a business leader who uses dishonest methods to grow rich.
- suffrage
- The right to vote.
- recall
- a request by the manufacturer of a defective product to return the product
- labor union
- Organization of workers for the purpose of increased lobbying power for benefits and wages
- temperance
- a campaign to stop drinking alcohol
- populist party
- political party composed of farmers and union members whose goal was to limit the power of big business.
- literacy test
- A test given to persons to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote
- corporation
- a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state
- freedman's bureau
- The bureau's focus was to provide food, medical care, administer justice, manage abandoned and confiscated property, regulate labor, and establish schools.
- monroe doctrine
- A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or or in the development of other contries in the Western Hemisphere.
- popular sovereignty
- Political authority ultimately determined by the citizens
- yellow journalism
- Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers
- laissez faire
- the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs
- scalawag
- white Southerner supporting Reconstruction policies after the Civil War usually for self-interest
- freeport doctrine
- idea that any territory could ban slavery by simply refusing to pass laws supporting it
- patronage
- the practice of giving jobs to loyal supporters
- domesticity
- Life in or fondness for one's home and family.
- muckraking
- the exposure of scandal (especially about public figures)
- tenant farming
- system of farming where farmers rented their land from the landowner and were able to grow whatever crop they chose
- jim crow laws
- Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights
- NAACP
- Civil rights organization lead by W.E.B. DuBois, worked to gain equal rights for African Americans
- peculiar institution
- black slavery in the southern U.S. before the Civil War.
- abolition
- movement to outlaw slavery
- state's rights
- rights and powers independent of the federal government
- radical republicans
- Political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after civil war
- tenement
- a run-down, overcrowded apartment in the poor area of the city
- cotton diplomacy
- The Confederate govn't talked of embargoing cotton exports in order to bring the British to their side but the govn't never controlled more than 15% of the S cotton.
- social darwinism
- The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.
- exodusters
- African Americans who moved from post reconstruction South to Kansas.
- new freedom
- Woodrow Wilson plan a reform with called for tariff reduction and antitrust legislation
- mass production
- the production of large quantities of a standardized article (often using assembly line techniques)
- big stick policy
- A policy used by T.R. that was made to improve world peace, "Speak softly and carry a big stick."
- tammany hall
- New York City's powerful political machine
- trust
- a consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition by controlling the production and distribution of a product or service
- square deal
- Teddy Roosevelt's plan to maintain equality and fariness for all Americans.
- total war
- sherman convinced grant to let him destroy anything usefull to the south
- monopoly
- a complete control of an entire industry
- cotton kingdom
- Areas in the south where cotton farming developed because of the high demand for cotton
- ku klux klan
- White supremacy organization that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties
- uncle tom's cabin
- antislavery novel, written by harriet beecher stowe
- sharecropping
- system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops