unit 5 middle
Terms
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- Charles Evans Hughes
- Secretary of State under Harding, Proposed a 10-year moratorium on the construction of major new warships at the Washington Conference
- Ida Tarbell
- A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.
- Cornelius Vanderbilt
- railroad industry; consolidated many small companies into one large company; same ownership verticle consolidation
- graft
- The use of dishonest or illegal means to gain money or property, often by someone in position of power or elected office. Personal profit made in an illicit way because of official standing.
- Lincoln Steffens
- United States journalist who exposes in 1906 started an era of muckraking journalism (1866-1936), Writing for McClure's Magazine, he criticized the trend of urbanization with a series of articles under the title Shame of the Cities.
- The Jungle
- This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.
- recall
- political reform that gave citizens the chance to remove an elected official form office before the person's term ended
- Hiram Johnson
- was a leading American progressive and later isolationist politician from California;
- Robert Lafollette
- an American politician who served as a U.S. Congressman, the 20th Governor of Wisconsin (1901-1906), and Republican Senator from Wisconsin (1905-1925). He ran for President of the United States as the nominee of his own Progressive Party in 1924, carrying Wisconsin and 17% of the national popular vote.
- Andrew Carnegie
- founder of the Carnegie Steel Company, This steelmaker and combined the business expertise of Jay Gould. Became the city's fastest telegraph operator by reading the sound of the keys. In 1870 he decided to build his own steel mill, J. Edgar Thomson Mills. Became the first steelmaker to establish the actual production cost per ton of steel. Cut expenses & developed a basis for deciding when to invest in new furnaces & machine tools.
- JP Morgan
- an American financier, banker, philanthropist, and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time.
- Gospel of Wealth
- the idea that the concentration of wealth among a few is natural and the most efficient result of capitalism
- Referendum
- a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate
- Literacy Exclusion Act
- people were given literacy test in english to gain admitance into the county
- Chinese Exclusion Act
- (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.
- Dumbbell Tenements
- 5 or 6 story dwellings, with a shape to accommodate the air flow requirements, tenements built in New York City after the Tenement House Act of 1879 and before the so-called "New Law" of 1901.
- Muckraker
- a type of writer who motivated the public to attack political and social corruption
- Progressivism
- the political orientation of those who favor progress toward better conditions in government and society
- Barnum and Bailey
- Two performers that put on a Circus in the early 1900's
- Vertical Integration
- absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution
- John D. Rockefeller
- Created Standard Oil, formed monoplies., Donated money to the establishment of the University of Chicago
- Initiative
- political reform that allowed citizens to introduce a bill into the legislature and required embers to take a vote on it
- 17th Amendment
- Amendment to the United States Constitution guaranteed the direct election of Senators by the voters. In the case of a vacancy, a special election is called to fill the vacancy.
- Herbert Spencer
- English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903)
- Jacob Riis
- A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890.
- Upton Sinclair
- United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968), Author of The Jungle
- Social Darwanism
- Darwin's theory of evolution to human society for natural selection or survival of the fittest to explain how some companies will flourish while others won't