Unit 5

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Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion: By the time Blaine finally got around to disavowing the remarks, it was too late. He lost thousands of votes among the Irish-American voters in the city.
Homestead Act: Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25.
Frederick Jackson Turner: American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social problems.
Credit Mobilier: This was a fraudulent construction company created to take the profits of the Union Pacific Railroad. Using govn't funds for the railroad, the Union Pacific directors gave padded construction contracts to ____
graft: The use of dishonest or illegal means to gain money or property, often by someone in position of power or elected office. Personal profit made in an illicit way because of official standing.
Cornelius Vanderbilt: railroad industry; consolidated many small companies into one large company; same ownership verticle consolidation
Fort Laramie: Wyoming in the United States, was a significant 19th century trading post and later a military outpost of the United States Army.
Carrie Chapman Catt: president of NAWSA, who led the campaign for woman suffrage during Wilson's administration
Jim Crow Laws: They mandated "separate but equal" status for black Americans.
Pacific Railroad Act: "AN ACT to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes,"
James G Blaine: a U.S. Representative, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, U.S. Senator from Maine, two-time United States Secretary of State, and champion of the Half-Breeds. He was a dominant Republican leader of the post Civil War period, obtaining the 1884 Republican nomination, but lost to Democrat Grover Cleveland
Stalwarts: A faction of the Republican party in the ends of the 1800. Supported the political machine and patronage. Conservatives who hated civil service reform.
Comstock Lode: Nevada $300 million of precious metals were found over 20 years, gold and silver discovered by henry comstock
William Taft: 27th president, known for: Admittance of New Mexico and Arizona, trust-busting, strengthening of Interstate Commerce Commission, belief in world peace. Wanted to be supreme justice, got distant from TR
Gospel of Wealth: the idea that the concentration of wealth among a few is natural and the most efficient result of capitalism
William Belknap: a United States Army general, government administrator, and United States Secretary of War. He is the only Cabinet secretary ever to have been impeached by the United States House of Representatives.
Dawes Serveralty Act: authorized the President of the United States to have Native American tribal lands surveyed and divided into allotments for individual Native American families.
JP Morgan: an American financier, banker, philanthropist, and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time.
Half Breeds: opponets of the Stalwarts, were in favor of civil service reform
Roscoe Conkling: a politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He was the leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party.
Interstate Commerce Commission: Federal regulatory agency often used by rail companies to stabilize the industry and prevent ruinous competition
19th ammendment: Adopted in 1920, gave women the right to vote
New Federalism: a policy in 1969, that turned over powers and responsibilities of some U.S. federal programs to state and local governments and reduced the role of national government in domestic affairs (states are closer to the people and problems)
recall: political reform that gave citizens the chance to remove an elected official form office before the person's term ended
Mulligan Letters: a series of letters written by James G. Blaine to a Boston businessman, Warren Fisher Jr., that indicated Blaine had used his official power as Speaker of the House of Representatives to promote the fortunes of the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad.
Social Darwanism: Darwin's theory of evolution to human society for natural selection or survival of the fittest to explain how some companies will flourish while others won't
Lincoln Steffens: United States journalist who exposes in 1906 started an era of muckraking journalism (1866-1936), Writing for McClure's Magazine, he criticized the trend of urbanization with a series of articles under the title Shame of the Cities.
Ida Tarbell: A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.
Woodrow Wilson: created Federal Reserve System and Federal Trade Commission, encated child labor laws, reform laws included direct election of senators, prohibition, and women's suffrage
Mongrel Tariff: Tariff of 1883, a compromise measure that satisfied nobody. Duties were lowered on a few items, but increased on most manufactured goods.
Central Pacific: Went east from Sacramento and met the Union Pacific Railroad at Promontory Point. Connected to Union Pacific to form Transcontinental Railroad.
Panic of 1873: Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver
Trust busting: government activities seeking to dissolve corporate trusts and monopolies (especially under the United States antitrust laws)
Bimetallism: a monetary standard under which the basic unit of currency is defined by stated amounts of two metals (usually gold and silver) with values set at a predetermined ratio
Charles Guiteau: an American lawyer who assassinated President James A. Garfield on July 2, 1881. He was executed by hanging.
Horace Greeley: was an American editor of New York Tribune, a founder of the Republican party, reformer and politician. ; lost in election of 1872
Morrill Act: Allows for creation of land-grant colleges, colleges built on federally granted land specially appropriated for this purpose. It was signed into law by Lincoln
Jane Addams: Founder of the US Settlement House Movement and the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Her and a friend founded the Hull House.
Pedleton Civil Service Act: established the United States Civil Service Commission, which placed most federal employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called "spoils system."
Wounded Knee: village in South Dakota. In 1890 it was the site of a massacre of Native North Americans in which between 150 and 370 Sioux people were killed, most of them unarmed.
Herbert Spencer: English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903)
Louis Brandeis: A lawyer and jurist, he created the "Brandeis Brief," which succinctly outlines the facts of the case and cites legal precedents, in order to persuade the judge to make a certain ruling.
Francis Willard: Dean of Women at Northwestern University and the president of the Women's Christian Temperance Union.
Andrew Carnegie: founder of the Carnegie Steel Company, This steelmaker and combined the business expertise of Jay Gould. Became the city's fastest telegraph operator by reading the sound of the keys. In 1870 he decided to build his own steel mill, J. Edgar Thomson Mills. Became the first steelmaker to establish the actual production cost per ton of steel. Cut expenses & developed a basis for deciding when to invest in new furnaces & machine tools.
Elizabeth Stanton: was an American social activist and leading figure of the early woman's movement. is often credited with initiating the first organized woman's rights and woman's suffrage movements in the United States.
Web DuBois: 1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910
Depression of 1893: Profits dwindled, businesses went bankrupt and slid into debt. Caused loss of business confidence. 20% of the workforce unemployed. Let to the Pullman strike.
The Long Drive: A term used when cowboys would drive the herd to cattle towns
William Jennings Bryan: a strong proponent of popular democracy, an outspoken critic of banks and railroads. Wrote the Cross of Gold
Jim Fisk and Jay Gould: attempted to corner the gold market by making sure no gold was being drawn out so the value of gold could rise
Hiram Johnson: was a leading American progressive and later isolationist politician from California;
Promontory Point: Point in Utah where the Transcontinental Railroad was completed. The crews celebrated with placing real golden spikes into the last track laid.
Machine Politics: an unofficial system of a political organization based on patronage, the spoils system, "behind-the-scenes" control, and longstanding political ties within the structure of a representative democracy.
Susan B. Anthony: social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation
Gilded Age: Time period of political corruption, Appears to sparkle but beneath the surface lies corruption, crime, poverty, and disparities in wealth,
William McKinley: last veteran of the Civil War to be elected. signature issue was high tariffs on imports as a formula for prosperity, as typified by his McKinley Tariff of 1890. upheld the gold standard, and promoted pluralism among ethnic groups
Seneca Falls Convention: women's rights convention held by elizabeth cady stanton and lucretia mott in 1848, the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written
Barnum and Bailey: Two performers that put on a Circus in the early 1900's
Union Pacific: Began in Omaha in 1865 and went west. Connected to Central Pacific to form Transcontinental Railroad.
Cross of Gold: Spoke about William Jennings Bryan the Democratic Party wanted to standardize the value of the dollar to silver and opposed pegging the value of the United States dollar to a gold standard.
Ulysses S. Grant: an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.
Booker T. Washington: was an American educator, author and leader of the African American community. He was freed from slavery as a child, gained an education, and as a young man was appointed to lead a teachers' college for blacks. From this position of leadership he rose into a nationally prominent role as spokesman for African Americans.
Little Bighorn: a battle in Montana near the Little Bighorn River between United States cavalry under Custer and several groups of Native Americans (1876); Custer was pursuing Sioux led by Sitting Bull; Custer underestimated the size of the Sioux forces (which were supported by Cheyenne warriors) and was killed along with all his command
Initiative: political reform that allowed citizens to introduce a bill into the legislature and required embers to take a vote on it
Chinese Exclusion Act: (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.
Compromise of 1877: Hayes gets presidency, removed troops from seven states, appointed a democrat to the cabinet, railroad to west coast
Muckraker: a type of writer who motivated the public to attack political and social corruption
Sherman Anti-Trust Act: First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions
FLorence Kelley: 1893 helped persuade Illinois to prohibit child labor and limit the number of hours women worked; helped found the National Child Labor Committee
National Child Labor Committee: founded by Florence kelly which was organized to try and get lower labor hours for children
Transcontinental Railroad: The Transcontinental Railroad was the first railroad built that crossed the nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific and was finished in 1869 after being built for 10 years.
Chester Arthur: 21st president, Republican, taking office after assassination of Garfield, revitalized the US Navy and stalwart but ironically lead the charge of civil service reform
Dumbbell Tenements: 5 or 6 story dwellings, with a shape to accommodate the air flow requirements, tenements built in New York City after the Tenement House Act of 1879 and before the so-called "New Law" of 1901.
Upton Sinclair: United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968), Author of The Jungle
The Jungle: This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.
James Garfield: 20th President 1881, assasinated; believed people should be appointed to government positions because of their qualifications
Greenbacks: Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural)
Vertical Integration: absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution
Rutherford B. Hayes: American politician, lawyer, military leader and the nineteenth President of the United States (1877-1881). Hayes was elected President by one electoral vote after the highly disputed election of 1876.
The Grange: Originally a social organization between farmers, it developed into a political movement for government ownership of railroads
Exodusters: southern african americans that moved to kansas from the south
Mugwumps: Republican political activists who supported Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884. They switched parties because they rejected the financial corruption associated with Republican candidate, James Blaine.
Soddies: a house built of strips of sod, laid like brickwork, and used esp. by settlers on the Great Plains, when timber was scarce.
John D. Rockefeller: Created Standard Oil, formed monoplies., Donated money to the establishment of the University of Chicago
Theodore Roosevelt: 26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
17th Amendment: Amendment to the United States Constitution guaranteed the direct election of Senators by the voters. In the case of a vacancy, a special election is called to fill the vacancy.
Ida B. Wells: the lynching of blacks outraged her, an african american journalist. in her newspaper, free speech, wells urged african americans to protest the lynchings. she called for a boycott of segregated street cars and white owned stores
WCTU: (Women's Christian Temperance Union) group organized in 1874 that worked to ban the sale of liquor in the U.S.
Referendum: a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate
Charles Evans Hughes: Secretary of State under Harding, Proposed a 10-year moratorium on the construction of major new warships at the Washington Conference
Progressivism: the political orientation of those who favor progress toward better conditions in government and society
Clayton Anit-trust Act: The Clayton act specified particular prohibited conduct, the three-level enforcement scheme, exemptions, and remedial measures.
Federal Reserve Act: Sparked by the Panic of 1893 and 1907, the 1913 Federal Reserve Act created the Federal Reserve System, which issued paper money controlled by government banks.
Jacob Riis: A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890.
Levi Strauss: Immigrant from Germany who produced the first denim pants in San Francisco during the California Gold Rush.
Benjamin Harrison: 23rd President; Republican, poor leader, introduced the McKinley Tariff and increased federal spending to a billion dollars
James B. Weaver: An opponent of the gold standard and national banks, he is most famous as the presidential nominee of the Populist Party in the 1892 election.
Whiskey Ring: a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars.
Boss Tweed: head of New York City's powerful Democratic political machine, Corrupt leader of Tammany Hall; political boss
Populists: formed by farmers, wanted a reduced tariff, a graduated income tax, government control of the railroads, extension of the money supply (free silver), included Blacks (which hurt them)
Literacy Exclusion Act: people were given literacy test in english to gain admitance into the county
Robert Lafollette: an American politician who served as a U.S. Congressman, the 20th Governor of Wisconsin (1901-1906), and Republican Senator from Wisconsin (1905-1925). He ran for President of the United States as the nominee of his own Progressive Party in 1924, carrying Wisconsin and 17% of the national popular vote.

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Number of cards 102