History Exam
Terms
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- "Boss" Tweed
- the corrupt leader of Tammany Hall, famous for being thrown in prison in 1874
- Literacy Test
- a test that required that prospective voters be able to read or understand the state constitution
- Imperialism
- the economic and political domination of a strong nation over other weaker nations
- Central Powers
- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria
- Big Stick Policy
- "Speak softly and carry a big stick."
- Propaganda
- information designed to influence opinion
- Fixed Costs
- costs a company has to pay, whether or not it is operating
- Doughboys
- a nickname for the inexperienced but fresh American soldiers
- Monopoly
- when a single company achieves control of an entire market
- Sussex Pledge
- the agreement between Germany and the US that said that Germany would sink no more merchant ships without warning
- Bull Market
- a long period of rising stock prices
- Trenches
- underground areas that troops dug in order to have somewhere to reconvene and fire their guns during warfare
- Reparations
- war damages
- Josiah Strong
- a popular American minister in the late 1800s who linked Anglo-Saxonism to Christian missionary ideas
- 15th Amendment
- the amendment that stated that no one could be rejected voting rights based on race, color, or ex-slave
- Accommodation
- the strategy of Booker T. Washington, who believed that protest and impatience were not the ways to go
- Laissez-Faire
- "let people do as they choose"
- Model T
- Ford's-assembly line product which was affectionately known as the "Tin Lizzie" or "Flivver"
- Poison Gas
- a method of warfare that caused vomiting, blindness, and suffocation
- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
- the agreement between Russia and Germany that forced Russia to lose some of its territory, but also removed Germany from the remaining Russian lands
- Convoys
- groups of ships that were escorted across the Atlantic by warships for safety
- Victory Gardens
- what Hoover encouraged US citizens to plant to raise their own vegetables in order to leave more for the troops
- Black Tuesday
- October 29th, 1929: the day when prices in the stock market took a steep dive, plunging over $10 million dollars
- Stockholders
- the people who own the corporation
- Contraband
- prohibited materials
- Okies
- the farmers, who in the Great Depression, were forced to move, many moved to Oklahoma
- Armistice
- cease-fire
- Panama Canal
- the manmade canal that stretches across Panama and was built under a 1903 US treaty with Panama
- Slavs
- the group of people in southeastern Europe who were the same ethnic group as the Russians
- Grandfather Clause
- a voting restriction that allowed any man to vote if he had an ancestor in the voting rolls in 1867
- Franz Ferdinand
- the heir to the Austo-Hungarian throne who was shot by a member of the Serbian nationalist group called the "Black Hand"
- Protectorate
- a situation in which the imperial power allowed the local rulers of a country to stay in control while they protected them against rebellions and invasion
- Plessy v. Ferguson
- a court case held in 1896 that determined the "separate but equal" policy
- Alliance
- a friendship or agreement to "have somebody's back" in a time of need
- No Man's Land
- a rough, barren landscape between the opposing trenches
- Tariff
- a government tax put on exports
- Mass Production
- large-scaler product manufacturing usually done by machinery
- Selective Service
- the requirement that all men between 21 and 30 must register for the military draft
- Nationalism
- a feeling of intense pride of one's homeland
- Conscription
- forced military service
- Political Boss
- the person who ran a political machine
- Entrepreneur
- one who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of business or enterprise
- San Juan Heights
- a series of hills overlooking the main road to Santiago, which were attacked by American soldiers during the Spanish-American War
- Triple Entente
- at the start of WWI: France, Russia, Great Britain
- Gross National Product
- the total number of all goods and services produced by a country
- Lynching
- executions without proper court proceedings
- Army Nursing Corps
- the only group of women to actually serve in the army
- 19th Amendment
- the amendment passed in 1920 that stated that gained women the right to vote
- Foreclosure
- to take possession of a property from a mortgagor because of defaults on payments
- Meat Inspection Act
- the act that required federal inspection of meat sold through interstate commerce
- Square Deal
- Roosevelt's idea that all deals should be right, fair, and equal
- Segregation
- separation of the races
- Arbitration
- when a third party, with no personal interest in the matter at hand, steps in in order to judge a problem
- Relief
- aid for the needy; welfare
- Balkans
- a region in southeastern Europe where crisis struck in the 1800s because each group within the region wanted their own independence
- Fordney-McCumber Act
- the act that, in 1922, raised tariffs dramatically in an effort to protect American industry, but actually ended up hurting American farmers even more
- Operating Costs
- costs that occur when running a company, such as paying wages and shipping charges
- Graft
- getting money through dishonest or questionable means
- Suffrage
- the right to vote
- Pure Food and Drug Act
- the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs
- Jingoism
- an attitude of aggressive nationalism
- Guerilla Warfare
- a "hit and run" type of warfare
- Pools
- agreements between companies to maintain prices at a certain level
- Neutral
- to not take a side
- Hearst
- the owner of the New York Journal who used yellow journalism during the Spanish-American war
- Poll Tax
- a tax of $2 that was given to those who wanted to vote
- Lenin
- the new leader of the Bolshevik Party who was responsible for getting Russia out of the war
- Skyscrapers
- tall steel frame buildings, which were a big part of the USA's new urban environment
- Alexander Graham Bell
- the inventor of the telephone in 1876
- Chain Stores
- when a store opens in many different locations
- Treaty of Versailles
- the treaty that weakened or discarded many of Wilson's proposals which stripped Germany of its armed forces, made Germany pay reparations, and humiliated Germany
- Commodore George Dewey
- a commodore during the Spanish-American War who captured the Philippines and Guam
- Fridge Car
- the device invented in 1877 to help transport fresh meat
- Charles Lindbergh
- the pilot who, with his transatlantic solo flight, demonstrated the possibilities of aviation to many
- Sugarcane Plantations
- one of the reasons that Spain wanted control of Cuba
- Stock
- shares of ownership
- Self-Determination
- the idea that people who belong to a nation should have their own country and government
- Agitation
- the stragegy of WEB DuBois, who believed that dematnding equal rights was the way to go
- Holding Company
- a form of business which does not create anything itself; instead, it owns the stock of companies that do produce goods
- Pulitzer
- the owner of the New York World who used yellow journalism during the Spanish-American War