cmn 105 reading final
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- 41. Why are their proponents of censorship?
- 38. censor words for reasons of religion & political correctness
- 28. What is pidgin and creole, and how do they vary?
- 25.pidgin are special languages that have no native speakers, arises out of a situation, creoles have vocabulary in common with the pidgen but rules for sentence formation not from subtratum or superstratum
- 24. What is standard American English? What judgments do speakers of standard American English receive?
- American standard english is the type used in news reports on television & radio. people are judged as being smarter and better educated
- 23. What are variations in speech? What social effect can an informal variation have?
- 20. variations in speech in the way we phrase things (syntax) and the words we use (lexical), also the way words sound (phonology). informal variation use it to imply a sense of comadrie
- 35. What is one of the key problems with spelling reform?
- 25.problem would be that it would cut speakers off from literary traditions & not enhance literacy
- 40. What is wrong with submersion methods and bilingual education for learning a second language?
- • Submersion method - child has to learn language as well as subject matter at same time, • Bilingual education - o Even though taught in language known, should first develop kid's first language skills (best example = teaching in native language grades 1-4, then bringing in bilingual teachers)
- 32. What other reason could be given for the difference in the ways men and women talk other than sex or gender?
- 25.power differences, age, location of conversation,
- 38. What groups are the primary supporters of making English the official language of the US? Why do they want this?
- 25.EOM english only movement and English first, trying to reform educational system
- 33. Why does the author suggest the methodology given on pages 144-145 should be used when studying the talk differences between men and women?
- • Sociological factors are many and varied
- 34. What is the relationship between illiteracy in the US and the spelling system of English? What does the author suggest to reduce this problem?
- illiteracy and our spelling system are related with high amounts of illiteracy in elders, and young., Suggests changing our writing system in which each letter represents one sound
- 36. What is syllabary?
- 25.syllabary each symbol represents a syllable of sound rather than a word
- 39. What is the critical variable for learning a second language?
- 25.if they already had literacy in their first language it's easier to learn a second language
- 31. What are some of the findings research has identified as differences between the way men and women talk?
- 1.men interrupt women more than vice versa, 1.men ignore the topics that women initiate into conversation, , 1.men do not give verbal recognition of the contributions that women give to the conversation, 1.men use more curse words and coarse language than women, 1.men use more nonstandard forms (ain't), 1.men are more innovative, accept language change more readily
- 29. What are the characteristics of a creole?
- 1.tend to have simplified vowel systems, 1.tend to have a restricted vocabulary (although more extensive than pidgin), , 1.tend to express variations in time by having a string of helping verbs, 1.tend to express negation by putting a negative word in front of the 1st verb, 1.tend to place the verb between the subject and the object
- 25. What is the author's recommendation about teaching children a standard of variety of speech? Why?
- 22. schools should teach children a standard variety of speech, because an adult who cannot speak or write standard may encounter difficulties
- 30. What is a strong influence on language change?
- 25.language contact is a strong influence on language change
- 26. What is the effect on language when large migrations of people come to a new place?
- 23. the visiting language will have little effect on the indiginous other than adding some vocabulary, slower to borrow pronunciation, slower still to borrow word format & sentence structure
- 37. What does the author say is the absolute best way for improving literacy amongst children, teenagers, and even adults?
- read to children, volunteer time
- 42. What is the author's personal belief about censorship?
- 1.language is a basic human need and needs to be protected from censorship, 1.language doesn't equal thought, 1.language is a fundamental way of organizing the expression of our experiences external & internal
- 43. What are the top three complaints people have about books?
- 1.offensive language, 1.explicit sexual descriptions, 1.incidents of vioclence, brutality
- 27. What is the superstratum and substratum in language? How do they influence language change?
- 24. superstratum- language of the authority figure, substratum- language of the other person., Language tends to have the vocabulary of the superstratum and the sentence structure of the substratum