civics final
Terms
undefined, object
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- duties of congress: other roles
- servants
- Free Exercise Clause
- government can't keep anyone from worshiping as they wish
- 15th ammendment
- voting rights; all citizens have the right to vote no matter what, color, race, previous condition of servitude. women could still not vote
- qualifications to be president or vice president
- must be at least 35 years of age; must be born in the US; must be resident in US for 14 years
- Role of the president: Cheif Legislator
- chief law maker; he can propose legislation; can veto legislation; the president can call congress into special session; congress can over ride the veto but must have 2/3 approval
- Operatopm of Senate
- less centralized; less control; head of senate is the vice president when their needs to be a tie breaker; can talk for as long as they like; positives is they get everything out; negatives is they get off topic and miss important things; cant be sued for saying bad things; debate is more important
- speaker of the house
- 3rd most powerful position in washington. nancy pelosi, most powerful position in congress, she controsl how long you debate, decides who is on what comittees
- libel
- false and malicious use of printed words
- checks and balances
- A system of checks and balances that each branch has ways they can make sure another branch doesn't have too much power over the other branches
- Operation of House
- larger than the senate; impersonal; more centralized focoused on rules; more rules and leaders; strong; rules for debates and time limits; actually has a rules commmittee; member sspecialize in certain areas; committees have more power that a debate on the floor of the house; has committees
- sedition
- attempting to overthrow government by force or disrupt lawful activities by violence
- 26th ammendment
- set the voting age at 18
- peaceable protest
- 1st and 14th ammendment protect protest only if peaceable --- not protected if: incites others to violence, blocks pulic streets, close a school, endanger life property or public order
- Upper house of Legislative Branch
- senate
- Role of the president: Diplomat
- he negotiates treaties; in charge of foreign policy and appoints ambassadors but senate must approve the appointments; senate must approve treaties with a two thirds vote.
- defacto segregation
- you segregate yourself
- Role of the president: Cheif Executive
- the enforcer; enforces the laws enforces treaties; can issue executive orders; appoint cabinet members and judges but the senate has to approve( example for checks and balances)
- article two
- list the powers of the executive branch
- Positives of Electoral College
- small states get more attention; unthinking masses(uneducated) could make the wrong decision
- president pro tempor
- keeps senate moving, establish the agenda
- white primary
- (until 1944)-only white people were allowed to attend.
- Electoral College
- A group of people (electors) chosen from each state and D.C. to formally elect the President and Vice President; used to reduce Public ignorance and apathy.Electors are people chosen by political parties at their state party conventions or by vote of the party's central committee in each state. They vote for who the people want
- Lower House of Legislative Branch
- house of representatives
- 7th ammendment
- trial by jury
- Establishment Clause
- government can not set up an official religion
- Role of the president: Head of Political Party
- George bush is head of Republican Party. For the party that didn't win, they have a vote
- clear and present danger
- impact words can be outlawed; peope who utter them can be punished; when words used to cause and immediate danger that criminal acts will occur
- Role of the president: Cheif Citizen
- he is the representative of the entire country
- civil liberties 3 main libertys
- religion, speech and press, assembly
- civil rights act of 1964
- there can no longer be segregation
- Bill of rights
- first ten amendments; state our basic freedoms
- Negatives of Electoral College
- small states can overwhelm and help a candidate win; it is not part of a true democracy; does not protect individual rights; individuals in small states is equivalent to 4 in a large state
- voting barriers
- Whites tried to make up rules to keep blacks from voting.
- symbolic speech
- expression of opinion by conduct---can be limited if 1. object of pretest is within govt's constitutionla powers 2. restriction is no greater than what is necessary 3. real interest not to squelch dissent
- plessy vs. fergerson
- After slavery is illegal. Plessy is in Baton Rouge. Plessy was colored and bought a ticket for a train. Supreme Court ruled that you can have separate but they have to be equal. Both must be the exact same.
- duties of congress: politicos
- balances, have to balance antagonistic political factors
- 9th ammendment
- rights retained by the people; civil rights not specifically mentions in constution are still your rights
- House
- 2 year term---must be 25 years old; must be citizen for at least 7 years; must be an inhibatant of the state you serve---members are based on population; currently 435 members
- the lemon test
- federal government may give aide to religious organization; just can not be used to promote their religion;federal government may give aide to religious organization; just can not be used to promote their religion;primary effect must neither advance nor inhibit religion; must avoid excessive entanglement of government with religion
- jim crow laws
- said everything had to be seperate but not equal
- grandfather clause
- Your father or grandfather had to be a registered voter on or before January 1, 1965
- democrat
- majority
- duties of congress: partisans
- bound to support political party rather than people
- 13th ammendment
- no slavery; you cannot have any type of slavery anymore
- slander
- false and malicious use of spoken
- 19th ammendment
- gave women the right to vote
- de jure segregation
- segregation by law
- 2nd ammendent
- right to bear arms
- 4th ammendment
- search and seisure ( there has to be a warrant in order to search someones property) ( a judge must order the warrant)
- rosa parks
- refused to give her seat on the bus to a white person; Martin Luther King stepped in.said not to ride the busses untill they integrate. lasted for 381 days.
- 14th ammendment
- finally set the guidelines for what is a citizen; all persons born or naturalized in the united states are citizens and are protected by the constitution
- 22nd Ammendment
- limits the presidency to two terms or ten years
- how a bill becomes a law
- 1. a representativeintroduces the bill in the house ----- 2.the bill is assigned to a house committee which studies the issue ----- 3. the house passes its version of the bill ----- 4.the house debates the bill on the floor ----- 5. the committee debates, amedns and approves the bill ----- 6. House members meet with senate members in conference to reach a compromise on a single form of the bill ----- 7. the house and senate both approve the conference version of the bill ----- 8. the bill goes to the president ----- 9. The president vetoes the bill 10. the bill returns to congress where 2/3 of each house votes to override the veto -----11. the bill is now a law
- constitution before 1863
- did not mention slavery
- make up of house of representatives
- made up of speaker of the house, majority leaders, minority leaders,whips
- main duty of executive branch
- to enforce the laws
- typical congressman
- male; white; middle aged; protestant; wealthy
- Duties of Senate
- advise and conent on appointements and treaties; tries impeachments
- duties of congress: trusteed
- holders of our trust for the people. we trust them to do what is in our best intrest as far as voting.
- 3rd ammendent
- quartering of soldier durring times of peace
- brown vs board of education NAACP
- Thurgood Marshal sues them. Taught that black kids would think they are not worthy of what white people had. Plessy Ferguson was overturned. (1954) Made segregation in public places illegal.
- Senate
- 6 year term---must be 30 years old; must be citizen for at least 9 years; must be and inhibitant of the state you serve---have two members per state for every state; have only 100 members
- Role of the president: Administrator
- boss of everyone in the federal government; boss of 2.7 million people; we pay them 2.5 trillion dollars a year
- 5th ammendment
- double jepordy; self discrimination; due process of the law; they cant drag it out. also states eminet domain which says the government cant take my property
- duties of congress: delegates
- we give them our vote
- poll tax
- One dollar for you to vote.
- Dred Scott
- Scott vs. Stanford. Slave of a military doctor. The doctor and his wife moved to a free state. While they were in the Free State, the doctor died. Dred Scott assumed he was free. Wife said he was not free. According to law all of his property is left to me. Dred Scott sues for his freedom. Supreme Court rules that slaves are property and not citizens. You could bring your slaves anywhere you want them to and they were still yours.
- 10th ammendment
- powers of the state; powers in the constitution that are not specifically granted to the federal government but are not forbidden to the state belong to the state
- the little rock 9
- first group of boys to attend a white school in arkansas; Last school in integrate was Central High School in Arkansas.Governor Faubus refused to allow the school to integrate. so the presidnet got the military to escort them to school.
- Role of the president: Cheif of State
- which means he is the ceremonial head of the goernment; he is the first citizen
- Duties of House
- taxing and spending; bills must start in the house; initiate all bills dealing with tazes and spending; house also initiates impeachment proceedings
- make up of the senate
- made up of vice president, president pro tempor, majority leaders, minority leaders, whips
- voting rights act of 1965
- you cant deny someone the right to vote; literacy test was eliminated
- black codes
- were made to restrict the freedoms of freed black slaves
- civil liberties
- protections against government; cannot be taken away
- civil rights
- positive actions of government to make constitutional rights a reality for som people; their job is to keep our civil rights
- miller vs california
- 3 part test of obscenity --- 1. "average person" finds the work excites lust (pruent intrest); 2. depicts sexual conduct, (deals with in anti obscenity regulations) in a clearly offensive way; 3.the work taken as a whole lacks serious literary, artistic, political scientific value
- Article 1 of Constitution
- describes the legislative branch
- Role of the president: Commander in Cheif
- in charge of military, debate whether general in charge of the military or civilian. This is a check on military so our govt won't be over thrown by military. There are 1.5 million people in the military. (president used to have broad power over military) (in 1973 right after Vietnam congress passed the war powers act....states that the president must have permission from congress before sending troops to a hostile are. And then they can only be there for 90 days without a second approval congress approval) (congress must declare war)
- literacy test
- Had to be able to read and write to vote. Brought number down.
- whips
- keep people in line, make sure people are voting for their right political party
- republican
- minority
- 6th ammendment
- criminal court procedures; right to dair and public trial, and right to an attourney
- 1st ammendment
- state our five basic freedoms: speech/ expression, religion, press, assembly, petition
- civil rights act of 1968
- you cant descriminate in housing (ex: i wount sell my house to a black person)
- civil disobedience
- purposely breaking the law becasue it is unjust
- 8th ammendment
- you have the right to bail; protects from cruel and unusual punishment
- vice president
- head of senate; votes only in case of a tie