World History People only - basic
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- (35. Gamal Abdel) Nasser
- 35. (1950s) Egypt; set out to modernize; (1956) nationalized Suez Canal; 2 wars vs. Zionist state; turned to socialism - policies had limited success; (1960s) built Aswan High Dam; died in 1970
- (33. Imre) Nagy
- 33. (1956) Hungary; communist reformer and nationalist; ended 1-party rule and withdrew Hungary from the Warsaw Pact; S.U. responded with force and no help provided; He was executed
- (30.) Paul Klee
- *30. Germany; with Kandinsky, started the abstract movement
- (33. Willy) Brandt
- 33. (1969) W. Germany; chancellor who tried to ease tensions with neighbor through his policy of Ostpolitik; continued relations with the West;
- (26. George Etienne) Cartier
- 26. (1800s) Canada; urged confederation of Canada's provinces; feared U.S. Domination; worked with MacDonald
- (34.) Kim Jong Il
- *34. N. Korea; son of Kim IL Sung; huge problems so finally accepted food aid from the U.S., S. Korea, and others;
- (37. Salvador) Allende
- 37. (1973) Chile; a socialist man elected president; U.S. quietly lent military to over throw him
- (35.Yitzhak) Rabin
- 35. Israel; prime minister; signed the Oslo accord with Arafat; some people opposed his peace policy; assassinated;
- (37. Fernando Henrique) Cardoso
- 37. (1990s) Brazil; promoted economic growth and limited inflation; distributed a lot of land; often criticized by other powers
- (35.) Osama Bin Laden
- *35. Afghanistan; Saudi leader of a terrorist group called al-Qaida supported by the Taliban; (2001) behind attacks on NYC and DC
- (31 General Bernard) Montgomery
- 31. (1942) Britain; In Egypt, he finally stopped Rommel's advance during the battle of El Alamein;
- (35. Ruhollah) Khomeini
- 35. Iran; religious leader; speeches helped spur revolution in (1979); shah's foes rallied behind him; Ayatollah; set up theocracy; died near end of Iran-Iraq War;
- (28.) Leon Trotsky
- *28. Russia; another Marxist revolutionary and friend of Lenin; "Peace, Land, and Bread." Turned the Red Army into fighting force; rewards/killed every 10th man; skillful speaker; power struggle with Stalin and lost (1929 fled) ; 1940 - Murdered by Stalinist agent
- (27.) Vera Brittain
- *27. England; a nurse who wrote a diary about nursing in WWI
- (34. Sir Stamford) Raffles
- 34. (1819) Britain, Singapore; leased the island from a local ruler; Singapore grew rapidly;
- (27. Kaiser) William II
- *27. Germany; assured Austria of full support and nudged into war;
- (26. Jose) Rizal
- 26. (1800s) Philippines; a leader of resistance to Spanish rule;
- (26. James) Monroe
- 26. (1823) U.S.; to avoid entangling alliances with Britain, Monroe Doctrine created; America can't be colonized henceforth;
- (26. Louis )Riel
- 26. Canada; led a revolt of the metis, people of the mixed Native American land and European descent; government troops put him down and killed him;
- (30.) Sigmund Freud
- *30. Austria; suggested the subconscious mind drives human behavior, which may be reasoning behind mental/psychological illnesses; pioneered psychoanalysis
- (31.) Fransisco Franco
- *31. (1936) Spain; led a revolt that touched off a civil war; Hitler and Mussolini sent forces to help; 1939 - He succeeded and created a fascist dictatorship;
- (35. General Pervez) Musharraf
- 35. (1999) Pakistan; military leader; stepped in over Kashmir;
- (33. Leonid) Brezhnev
- 33. (mid-60s-82) Soviet Union; surpressed dissidents; Invested in military build up; Brezhnev Doctrine - asserted that the S.U. could militarily intervene in any Warsaw Pact nation; detente with U.S.; ended in 79 when invaded Afghanistan;
- (27. General) Alfred von Schlieffen
- *27. Germany; developed a Plan to fight the French;
- (26. King) Mongkut
- 26. (1951-68) Siam/Thailand(now); great understanding of the west; had to accept some unequal treaties, Siam escaped becoming a colony; Him and son Chulalongkorn set Siam on road to Modernization;
- (37. Jean-Bertrand) Aristide
- 37. (1990) Haiti; elected president; a former Catholic priest who supported liberation theology; overthrown by a military coup; restored when U.S. threatened action;
- (29. Venustiano) Carranza
- 29. (1917) Mexico; a conservative president; reluctantly approved a new constitution;
- (30.) Hans Arp , Max Ernst
- *30. (2 Men) Dada painters; intended to shock and disturb middle-class, helped inspire surrealism
- (36. F.W. ) de Klerk
- 36. (1989) South Africa; abandoned apartheid, repealed hate pass laws, and lifted ban on ANC; released Mandela;
- (37. Daniel) Ortega
- 37. (1979) Nicaragua; Sandanistas president who overthrew Somosa reign;
- (29.) Jiang Jieshi
- *29. China; took over Guomanding; 1926 - marched into N. China and crushed warlords, then captured Beijing; mid-conquest, he strikes at the Chinese Communist Party (1927) Led a conquest against the Communist party (Long March to oppose); Japan strikes (1931 and 1937) - forced to form a united front with Zedong; Supported by the U.S.
- (35.) Sonia Gandhi
- 35. India; current ruler of India; widow of Rajiv Gandhi;
- (33. Vojislav) Kostunica
- 33. (Yugoslavia) Replaced Milosevic; democratic and strongly nationalistic; restored peace in Kosovo and all ethnic fighting in Balkan states;
- (33. Josip) Tito
- 33. Yugoslavia; During WWII he was a fierce guerrilla warfare leader; he set up a communist government in Yugoslavia but pursued a path independent of Moscow; Refused to join Warsaw pact and neutral in the Cold War;
- (37. Alberto )Fujimori
- 37. Peru; suspended nation's constitution to crush anti government guerrillas and engineered his own re-election before fleeing
- (33.) Jacques Chirac
- *33. (1995) Mitterrand successor; More conservative; cut government spending and helped France become 4th economy;
- (31. Sugihara) Chiune
- 31. Japan/Lithuania; helped about 6000 Jews escape by writing exit visas until the Japanese government ordered him home;
- (30. ) James Joyce
- *30. Ireland; wrote 'Finnegans Wake' who explores the inner mind of a hero who remains asleep through the whole novel
- (29.) Mohandas Gandhi
- *29. India; was dubbed 'Mahatma' or 'Great Soul'; joined an Indian law firm in S. Africa and faced prejudice, decided to fight discrimination laws through 'satyagraha' (1914) - Returned to India; Believed in ahisma and civil disobedience; wore traditional dhotis; lead the Salt March on March 12-April 6, 1930;
- (30. Leon) Blum
- 30. (1936) France; several leftist parties united behind this socialist leader; Popular Front government; strikes brought it down;
- (29.) Marcus Garvey
- *29. (1920s) Jamaican Born/Africa; inspiring leader of Pan-Africanism; demanded en to colonial rule and a message of "Africa for Africans"
- (29. King) Faud
- 29. (1922) Egypt; Britain declared Egypt free, but still was real power behind him;
- (29. Augusto Cesar) Sandino
- 29. (1920s) Nicaragua; mad about U.S. occupying Nicaragua and led a guerrilla movement vs. U.S.
- (27.) Archduke Francis Ferdinand
- *27. (1912) Austria-Hungary; visiting Serajevo, Bosnia on their independence day; attempted bombing and missed; visiting soldier in the hospital and shot
- (37. Juscelino) Kubitschek
- 37. (1950s) Brazil; promised 50 years of progress; opened up Amazon and built new capital, Brasilia;
- (33. Alexander) Dubcek
- 33. Czechoslovakia; introduced liberal reforms, and S.U. responded with force again; they ousted him and restored a communist dictatorship;
- (35. Shah Muhammad) Reza Pahlavi
- 35. (1945) Iran; had western backing to end British control of Iranian oil;
- (29. Yuan) Shikai
- 29. (1912-1916) China; powerful general; tried to set up a new dynasty with him as emperor; military didn't support him and divided nation; Presented with 21 Demands in 1915 by Japan; died in 1916
- (28. Czar) Nicholas II Romanov
- *28. Russia; last of the Romanov dynasty; weak and ineffectual; relied on secret police; During WWI he went to front to take personal charge, which was bad; Alexandra, wife, left in charge at home, and he wasn't very experienced; Bread Riots in St. Petersburg (Petrograd) - czar abdicated;
- (28.) Gregory Rasputin
- *28. Russia; Illiterate peasant and self-proclaimed 'holy man'; Alexandra (czarina) relied on him after he eased suffering of her hemophiliac son; 1916 - he chose officials, flatterers got top jobs; December 29th, 1916 - nobles killed him in fear for the monarchy
- (36.) Robert Mugabe
- *36. Zimbabwe; a leader of a nationalist group with Nkomo; After independence, power struggle and won; called for 1-party system to promote unity
- (34.) Ho Chi Minh
- *34. N. Vietnam; guerrilla against the French trying to re-seize Indochina; ruled N. Vietnam;
- (30.) Charlie Chaplin
- *30. U.S.; silent movie star in the 1920s; fans on every continent
- (30.) Pablo Picasso
- *30. Spain; with friend Georges Braque created cubism, helped inspire surrealism
- (33. Slobodan) Milosevic
- 33. Yugoslav president; an extreme Serb nationalist; gave money to Bosnian serbs to set up their own autonomous regions; 1989 - ended limited self-rule that Muslims had in Kosovo; Ethnically cleansed Kosovo like he had in Bosnia; In Serbia opposition grew - military defeat; charged with warcrimes and violating rules;
- (34.) Jiang Zemin
- *34. China; succeeded Deng; continued his economic reforms;
- (33.) Charles de Gaulle
- *36. France; WWII hero; leader of France in 1958; released Algeria from colonial rule; Set up a 5th Republic with him as president; Forged ties with W. Germany, built nuclear forces, opened talks with China and Cuba (against the Cold War); Youth revolts in 1968, resigned 1 year later;
- (30. Miriam) Ferguson
- 30. U.S.; Texas governor in the 1920s; female
- (35.) Mother Teresa
- 35. India; a Roman Catholic nun who founded an order in Calcutta called the Missionaries of Charity;
- (37.) Fidel Castro
- *37. (1959-now) Cuba; led tiny guerrilla army vs. Batista regime and won; turned Cuba into a communist state and imposed harsh authoritarian rule;
- (29.) Reza Khan
- *29. (1925) Iran; army officer who overthrew the Shah and set up own Pahlavi dynasty; Rushed to modernization and try to make it independent; adopted writing, clothes, encouraged women, and eventually regained control of its oil.
- (30.) Frank Lloyd Wright
- *30. U.S.; reflected the Bauhaus belief that a function of a building should determine the form
- (33. Boris) Yeltsin
- 33. Russia; president; change to a market economy was disastrous; 1998 Russia barely avoided financial collapse; Resigned in 1999
- (31. Marie) Fourcade
- 31. France; directed 3000 people underground and helped downed Allied planes to safety
- (36. Cecil) Rhodes
- 36. (1890s) Britain; businessman who took control of Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
- (30.) Henri Matisse
- *30. (early 1900s) Outraged public with his bold use of color and odd distortions; dubbed a fauves or 'Wild Beast';
- (26.) Kawasaki
- 26. Japan; a family that soon ruled over industrial empires (zaibatsu) in Japan
- (33.) Vladimir Putin
- *33. Russia; a veteran of the Soviet secret police; brought Russian success in the war with Chechnya; more order and less corruption in gov. and some economic improvement; projected toughness and strength;
- (26. Antonio Lopez) de Santa Anna
- 26. (1833-1855) Mexico; gained and lost power many times; first was liberal, then reversed his stand and crushed reform efforts;
- (37.) Vincente Fox
- *37. (2000) Mexico; The PRI lost majority in national legislature, so he won presidency; promised change - more rapid economic growth, reduction of poverty, and assault on corruption
- (26. John) MacDonald
- 26. (1800s) Canada; urged confederation of Canada's provinces; feared U.S. Domination; worked with Cartier; Canada's 1st prime minister; (1885) built the Canadian Pacific Railway
- (29. Francisco) Madero
- 29. (1910-1912) Mexico; liberal reformer who demanded free elections from Diaz; was imprisoned, and encouraged revolt; Diaz became president and 2 years later assassinated
- (36. Thabo) Mbeki
- 36. (1999) South Africa; elected to presidency;
- (37. Benedita) da Silva
- 37. Brazil; first black woman to be elected to Brazilian congress
- (34.) Corazon Aquino
- *34. Philippines; widow of popular politician Benigno Aquino; elected in 1986; Country enjoyed economic growth;
- (30.) Louie Armstrong
- *30. U.S.; African American trumpeter who combined western harmonies and African rhythms;
- (35. Ariel) Sharon
- 35. Israel; succeeded Rabin; announced that there would be no more peace talks until all terrorism ceased;
- (35. Anwar) Sadat
- 35. Egypt; Nasser successor; moved away from Soviet and closer to US; (1979) first Arab leader to make peace with Israel; (1981) Assassinated by Muslim Extremists
- (36.) Ian Smith
- *36. Britain; led conservative whites for independence (1965) in Zimbabwe
- (26. Simon) Bolivar
- 26. Latin America; hoped to create strong ties among nations in Latin America;
- (35. Zulfikar) Ali Bhutto
- 35. Pakistan; new civilian president, promised to make a prosperous Pakistan; overthrown, tried, and killed by military;
- (37. Fernando) de la Rua
- 37. (1999) Argentina; elected president
- (33. Lech) Walesa
- 33. (1980) Poland; shipyard workers on strike leader; Organized a solidarity with 2 million members; Poland had to outlaw the group and arrest leaders; 1990 - elected president of Poland;
- (33.) Margaret Thatcher
- *33. (1979-1990); Britain; Conservative prime minister; stressed individual responsibility, reduced social welfare; Iron Lady; retired in 1990;
- (33. Vaclav) Havel
- 33. (1989) Czechoslovakia; elected president; dissident writer and human rights activist;
- (29. Emiliano) Zapata
- 29. Mexico; southern Mexico, an Indian tenant farmer who lead a peasant revolt; followers called Zapatistas
- (30) Virginia Woolf
- *30. Britain; wrote 'Mrs. Dalloway'; used stream of consciousness to explore hidden thoughts
- (29. Leopold) Senghor
- 29. Senegal; Poet part of the negritude movement; fostered African pride by rejecting negative views of Africa; Later is an activist in Senegal's freedom, and becomes 1st president
- (33.) Pope John Paul II
- *33. (1979) Poland; visited with Solidarity leaders and criticized communism; former archbishop of Cracow; Religious leader;
- (31. Rudolf) Hoess
- 31. Germany; Nazi commander at Auschwitz; later admitted to the supervision of +2.5 million deaths; tried for 'war crimes'
- (37.) Hugo Chavez
- *37. Venezuela; centralized power in own hands to advance his populist and nationalist "Bolivarian revolution"
- (26.) Benito Juarez
- *26. (1855) a liberal who seized power and began an era of reform known as La Reforma; (1861) elected president; lead Mexicans against Napoleon III's troops and Austrian's archduke Maximilian for four years; (1867) Back in power; (1872) died in office
- (26. William Lyon) Mackenzie
- 26. Canada; a leader of the Upper Canada Revolt;
- (27.) David Lloyd George
- *27. Britain; Prime minister; part of the Big Three; promised a post-war Britain 'fit for heroes'
- (31. General Tojo) Hideki
- 31. (1941) Japan; ordered a surprise attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
- (26. Commodore) Matthew Perry
- *26. (1853) U.S.; Commanded American ships into Tokyo Bay with a letter from the President demanding Japan open its ports to diplomatic and commercial exchange; Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)
- (36. Kwame) Nkrumah
- 36. (late 40s) Gold Coast/Ghana; impatient with Britain's gradual freedom policy; organized a radical political party; (1957) - Became prime minister of Ghana
- (31. General Erwin) Rommel
- 31. (1940-42) German; The "Desert Fox" Mussolini sent forces from his N. African colony to Egypt; Hitler backed him up; very successful;
- (27.) Alfred Nobel
- *27. Sweden; Regretted military use of his invention dynamite - formed the Nobel Peace Prize;
- (37.) Juan Peron
- *37. (1946) Argentina; elected president and appealed to nationalism; his policies lead to huge debt and inflation; (1955 - ousted by military) returned in 1973, died 1 yr later and wife took over; 1976 military took back
- (30.) Vasily Kandinsky
- *30. Russia; with Klee, started the abstract movement
- (33. Nikita) Krushchev
- 33. (xx-1956) Soviet Union; Stalin's successor; shocked when announced 'de-Stalinization'; eased censorship, freed some political prisoners; wanted a "Peaceful Coexistence" with the west; Set up the Warsaw Pact vs. NATO; 1961 - tried to build nuclear arms in Cuba;
- (36.) Nelson Mandela
- *36. South Africa; ANC vs. violence; went underground; helped organize ANC youths; parts in civil disobedience; (early 60s) arrested; 27 yrs in prison - still a big symbol; (80s) demand for his release went up; 1994 - with help of de Klerk 1st president in a multiracial election;
- (33. Konrad) Adenauer
- 33. (1949-1963) W. Germany; chancellor who helped West Germany go through an "economic miracle";
- (34. Deng) Xiaoping
- 34. (1981) China; after Mao; more moderate leader, practical reformer; Program called Four Modernizations; welcomed joint ventures; died in 1997
- (29.) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
- *29. (1930s) Pakistan; Leader of the Muslim League; threw support behind a separate state of Pakistan for the Muslims; Pakistan - 'Land of the ritually pure'
- (37. Carlos) Menem
- 37. (1990s) Argentina; Cut inflation and enact government financial reforms urged by IMF; a lot of people stayed jobless
- (37. Lazaro) Cardenas
- 37. (1930s) Mexico; took steps to fulfill promises of Mexican Revolution; distributed lands etc.
- (31. Haile) Selassie
- 31. (1935) Ethiopia; appealed to League of Nations when Italy invaded - voted sanctions, but no real power;
- (34. Ngo Dinh) Diem
- 34. S. Vietnam; non-communist government, supported by U.S.;
- (29.) Ataturk
- 29. (1923-1938) Turkey; (Mustafa Kemal); "father of the Turks"; modernized Turkey and separate religion from government; swept away old tradition calendars, clothes, writing, schools, and traditions;
- (29. Francisco) Pancho Villa
- 29. N. Mexico; a rebel from north; fought mostly for personal power but won some loyalty;
- (36. Jomo) Kenyatta
- 36. (1950s) Kenya; leading spokesman of the Kikiyu; arrested by British to stop violence; eventually released (1963) 1st prime minister of Kenya; 1 yr later, became a republic w/ him as President
- (29.) Theodor Herzl
- *29. (1897) responded to anti-Semitism in Europe by founding the modern Zionist movement; goal to rebuild Jewish state in Palestine;
- (34 Syngman) Rhee
- 34. S. Korea; non-communist, still authoritarian leader, backed by U.S.;
- (35. Hosni )Mubarak
- 35. Egypt; Sadat's successor; reaffirmed peace w/ Israel and mended fences with neighbors;
- (34.) Mao Zedong
- *34. (1949) China; communist leader announced the birth of the People's Republic of China; beat Jiang by winning peasant population & women; boost agriculture - collectivization; one-party totalitarian state; health care, increase literacy; 2 Programs called the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution; died 1976
- (31.) Benito Mussolini
- *31. Italy; Fascist; Socialist in youth; fiery speaker, 'Black Shirts'; Nickname Il Duce 1935 Invades Ethiopia; 1939 - nonaggression pact with Hitler; 1940 - sent forces from N. African colony to Egypt; overthrown in 1943;
- (30.) Marie Curie
- *30. (early 1900s) France; Scientist, with others, experimenting with radioactivity; discovered they could change atoms of 1 element into atoms of another
- (29. W.E.B.) Du Bois
- 29. African American; Scholar and activist ; Pan-Africanists tried to forge a united front and he organized 1st Pan-African Congress (1919) in Paris;
- (27.) Francis Joseph
- 27. Austria; uncle of Francis Ferdinand; reluctant to go to war - imposed an ultimatum which wasn't met - Germany encouraged war; 1914 - Austria declare war on Serbia
- (37.) Violeta Chamorro
- *37. (1990) Nicaragua; a moderate woman who won presidency;
- (30.) T.S. Eliot
- *30. England; a poet; published 'The Waste Land' that portrays the world as spiritually empty and barren
- (36. bishop) Desmond Tutu
- *36. South Africa; a black Anglican bishop; won Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 for his nonviolent opposition to apartheid;
- (35.) Saddam Hussein
- *35. Iraq; Dictator; brutally suppressed opponents; 1980 - seized a disputed border from Iran, 8 years in stalemate; 1990, Invades Kuwait and U.S. saw Saudi Arabia threatened - Gulf War (1991);
- (35.) Rajiv Gandhi
- *35. India; Grandson of Jawaharlal, son of Indira, husband of Sonia; when assassinated, wife took place; (1980s) Sent troops to smash Tamil and Sri Lankans; attempt failed; (1991) Outraged extremists assassinated
- (29. Emperor) Hirohito
- 29. (1926-1989) Japan; the emperor
- (34. Lee Kwan) Yew
- 34. Singapore; 30 years - Singapore's autocratic prime minister; free-market economy; all successors continued his policies; Confucian values
- (26. Emilio) Aguinaldo
- 26. (1899-1901) Philippines; lead battles against American forces; many died
- (26. Captain James) Cook
- 26. (1770) Britain; Claimed Australia for Britain; (1769) Claimed New Zealand for Britain
- (27. Vittorio) Orlando
- 27. Italy; prime minister; insisted the Allies respect their secret treaty
- (29.) Mao Zedong
- *29. China; a communist who escaped Jiang; looked to the large peasant mass; Organized peasants in SE China; Jieshi heard about it; to flee (1934) Long March - 100,000 followers, 6,000 miles, 20,000 survivors; forced being polite, no stealing, no damaging crops, etc. At the end, new base in northern China; Japan strikes (1931 and 1937) - forced to form a united front with Jiang; eventual win and move to impose revolutionary change
- (34.) Pol Pot
- *34. Cambodia; Leader of the Cambodian communist guerrillas called the Khmer Rouge;
- (33.) Tony Blair
- *33. (1997-now) Britain; Labour party Prime minister who focused on all citizens;
- (37. General Augusto) Pinochet
- 37. (1973-1990) Chile; military ruler; tried to solve economic problems through capitalism; promoted foreign investment and privatized industries;
- (30.) Salvador Dali
- *30. Spain; surrealist - used images of melting clocks or burning giraffes to suggest chaotic dream state described by Freud
- (37.) Eva (Duarte) Peron
- 37. Argentina; movie star wife; when husband died in 1974, she took over and faced bad situations
- (31.) Adolf Hitler
- *31. Germany; Nazist; 1919 - joined small group of rights; 1923 - failed attempt to seize power, sent to prison, wrote "Mein Kampf'; in power - 3rd Reich; 1938 - Kristallnacht;1936 sent troops to the demilitarized Rhineland; Guernica in 1937; 1938 engineered Anschluss; Gave Czechoslovakia autonomy; Munich Conference - Br and Fr asked him to stop; 1939- invaded rest of Czecho.; 'Brown Shirts' 1939 - nonaggression pact with Mussolini
- (37. General Manuel) Noriega
- 37. (1989) Panama; removed from Panama, tried, convicted, and imprisoned for drug traffiking; U.S. helped overthrow him
- (30.) Albert Einstein
- *30. (1905) Germany; advanced his theories of relativity;
- (35. Muhammad) Mosaddiq
- 35. Iran; Led nationalists in parliament to nationalize; in 1953 the US helped oust him from power;
- (28.) Vladimir Lenin
- *28. Russia; (Ulyanov); hated czar government; read works of Karl Marx and spread those ideas everywhere; 1895 - him and woman Krupskaya were sent to Siberia (got married there); Head of 'Bolsheviks' means 'majority'; 1917 - back and start takeover; 1918 - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk; formed Comintern,1921 - full power, but Russia is in bad condition; "war communism", 1922 - democratic and socialist constitution; set up the U.S.S.R.; 1921 - New Economic Policy; death in 1924
- (36. Joshua) Nkomo
- 36. Zimbabwe; a leader of a nationalist group with Mugabe; after independence, power struggle - lost
- (27.) Husayn ibn Ali
- *27. Arabia; Arab nationalist declared a revolt on the Ottoman empire
- (34.) Douglas MacArthur
- *34. U.S.; lead troops in the Korean war, World War I and World War II; successes alarmed China, so they allied with North; Led the battles of the Coral Sea, Midway Island, and began "island hopping" campaign;
- (34.) Aung San Suu Kyi
- *34. Burma/Myanmar; under pressured elections in 1990; she won and military rejected; Her father helped Burma win independence; House arrest, and while she was still under it, she won the Nobel Peace Prize for 'nonviolent struggle'; Released in 1995;
- (37. Jacobo) Arbenz
- 37. (1952) Guatemala; overthrown by Guatemalan soldiers with help of U.S.;
- (37. The )Somoza( family)
- 37. (1936-1979) Nicaragua; strong anti-communist (support of U.S.); looted Nicaragua; Overthrown by Sandanistas
- (35.) Benazir
- 35. Pakistan; Bhutto's daughter; (1988-1996) Ruled as prime minister 2 times (ousted 2 times too)
- (30.) Ernest Hemingway
- *30. U.S.; novelist who wrote 'The Sun Also Rises' that shows the rootless wanderings of all young people who lack deep convictions.
- (37. Getulio)Vargas
- 37. (1930-45) Brazil; dictator who allied with working poor; military toppled him;
- (27. Georges) Clemenceau
- 27. France; "the Tiger" nickname; chief goal was to weaken Germany, never to threaten France again
- (37. Archbishop) Oscar Romero
- *37. (1960s-1970s) El Salvador; a priest part of the liberation theology and urged the Church to become a force for reform; assassinated by a right-wing death squad
- (31. Lily) Litvak
- 31. Soviet Union; Shot down 12 German planes before she was killed
- (35.) Yasir Arafat
- *35. Palestine; headed the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO); signed the Oslo accord with Rabin;
- (34. Ferdinand) Marcos
- 34. (1965) Philippines; Elected president, but became dictator, cracked down on free speech and killed opponent Aquino; Held elections in 1986;
- (37. Dr. Francois) Duvalier
- 37. (1957-1971) Haiti; "Papa Doc"; Brutal secret police and terrorized;
- (35.) Jawaharlal Nehru
- *35. (1947-64) India; worked to build a modern, secular state to promote social justice; succeeded by daugher Indira and later grandson Rajiv; built dams for hydroelectric power, steel industries, education, Green Revolution,
- (27. Gavrilo) Princip
- 27. (1912) Bosnia; shot Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife, Sophie
- (31. Harry) Truman
- 31. US; took office after FDRs sudden death; issued the atomic bomb on Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; (1947) Truman Doctrine - a promise to stop advance of Soviets in any part of the country; Marshall Plan - aid to hungry countries; supervised Berlin Airlift;
- (27. Arthur) Zimmermann
- 27. Germany; foreign minister who sent a message to his ambassador in Mexico; promised to get land from U.S. back (Texas, Arizona, New Mexico) if they had support; intercepted by British (1917) and given to the U.S.
- (37. John F.) Kennedy
- 37. (1962) U.S.; declared a naval blockade on Cuba and demanded Soviets remove weapons
- (34.) Kim IL Sung
- *34. N. Korea; communist ally of Soviet Union; state-owned industries and collective farms; Died, and son took over;
- (29.) Sun Yixian
- *29. (1900s); China; "father" of Chinese Revolution, overthrew the Qing dynasty; Wanted to rebuild China on the Three Principles of the People; (1912) Stepped down (1921) With his Guomanding he established a gov't. in south China; died in 1925
- (30. Lady Nancy) Astor
- 30. Britain; first woman to serve in British Parliament
- (28.) Joseph Stalin
- *28. (Djugashvili); 1900 - joined Bolshevik underground; name means "Man of Steel"; spent time in Siberia; put his friends in top jobs and isolated Trotsky; (1928) Five-Year Plans, command economy, collectives, destroyed kulaks, (1934) - The Great Purge; used propaganda, terror, atheism, socialist realism, died 1953
- (33. Hulmut) Kohl
- 33. (1989) W. Germany; chancellor; (1990) became a chancellor of a united Germany;
- (27. Colonel ) T. E. Lawrence
- *27. Britain; Sent 'Lawrence of Arabia' to aid Ali; led guerrilla raids against Turks
- (31. Franklin D.) Roosevelt
- U.S.; President; (1941) Lend-Lease Act, Atlantic Charter; declared war after Pearl Harbor
- (29. General Reginald) Dyer
- 29. Britain; banned public meetings in India; opened fire on unarmed people killing 379 and wounding +1,100 - Called the Amristar Massacre
- (30. Herbert) Hoover
- 30. (1929) US; stock market crashed, and he believed government shouldn't intervene in private business matters;
- (29) Porfirio Diaz
- *29. (1910) Mexico; succeeded Juarez; harsh rule, but many economic advances; rich were rich, poor = poor; many fell into peonage; uled 35 years; Discontent in the early 1900s; Madero revolted and he resigned in 1911;
- (27.) Woodrow Wilson
- *27. U.S.; president (1917) asked congress to declare war on Germany; (Lusitania) by 1918 - ready to fight and supply; wrote the 14 Points to try and be a peacemaker; favored self-determination; one of the Big Three, supported 14 Points and peace