History Finals (Mrs.Devries)
History exams...study guide
Terms
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- Qur'an
- the holy book of Islam
- Thutmose III
- Hatshepsut's stepson; he brought Egypt to the heigth of its power
- Constaninople
- in A.D 330 Emperor Constatine moved the capital of Rome in Italy eastward to the newly built city
- cataract
- large waterfall--Nile
- oasis
- a fertile tract in a desert (where the water table approaches the surface)
- veto
- vote against--consuls in Rome
- tribe
- a group of people united by race + customs under the same leader
- pilgrimage
- a journey to a sacred place
- disciple
- a follower of Jesus
- fief
- Land owned by a lord given to a vassal in return for a service
- republic
- A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting
- Hatshepsut
- Queen of Egypt (1473-1458 B.C.E.). Dispatched a naval expedition down the Red Sea to Punt
- Rome
- (Place) Capital of Italy and former center of the ancient Roman Republic and Roman Empire
- homage
- honor or shoed respect to a lord by a vassal
- mosque
- the muslim place of worship
- tithe
- an offering of a tenth part of some personal income
- Augustus
- adopted son of Caesar became the first emperor of rome
- manor
- the landed estate of a lord (including the house on it)
- hieroglyph
- a writing system using picture symbols
- papyrus
- tall sedge of the Nile valley yielding fiber that served many purposes in historic times
- monotheism
- the belief in one god
- emir
- an independent ruler or chieftain (especially in Africa or Arabia)
- Pope
- the head of the Roman Catholic Church
- Jesus
- a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth
- emperor
- ruler
- Muslim
- a believer or follower of Islam
- crusades
- A series of military expeditions launched by Christian Europeans to win the Holy land back from Muslim control.
- hierarchy
- ranked in power, the organization of people at different ranks in an administrative body
- pharaoh
- the title of the ancient Egyptian kings
- serf
- (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord
- council
- noun-a group of people who meet to decide or plan something, give advice, or make laws
- feudalism
- A system in which poor people are legally bound to work for wealthy landowners
- prophet
- a person who others believe speaks or writes without a divine message
- dynasty
- a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family
- Shiite
- a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs
- inflation
- when too much money is printed, losses value and businesses raise prices
- artisan
- a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft
- martyr
- one who suffers for the sake of principle
- consul
- official chosen to manage the government and the army
- monastary
- a community in which monks lead lives devoted to religion
- caliph
- a title taken by Muslim rulers who claimed religious authority to rule
- dictator
- a speaker who dictates to a secretary or a recording machine
- mummy
- a body embalmed and dried and wrapped for burial (as in ancient Egypt)
- infidel
- an unbeliever of the Christian God
- messiah
- someone to come and save the Jews
- Paul
- a religious leader who preached to gentiles as well as jews and helped to establish and strengthen the christian religon
- covenant
- enter into a formal agreement
- patriarch
- a man who is older and higher in rank than yourself
- regent
- someone who rules during the absence or incapacity or minority of the country's monarch
- clergy
- A body of officials who perform religious services, such as priests, ministers or rabbis.
- oath of fealty
- promise of loyalty in exchange for land (from a lord to a vassal)
- knight
- an armed, mounted soldier
- Muhammad
- the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)
- The Nile River
- The most important and biggest river that runs through Egypt. It helped the Egyptians very much. It was considered sacred.
- Julius Caesar
- Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power
- diaspora
- the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel
- bureaucracy
- Government by departments of men transacting particular branches of public business.
- guild
- A medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people.
- calligraphy
- beautiful handwriting used by the muslims
- Constantine
- an emperor of the Roman Empire & the founder of Constantinople
- nomad
- a member of a group that settles briefly in one place and then moves on to another
- mercenary
- a person hired to fight for another country than their own
- idol
- a material effigy that is worshipped as a god
- silt
- mud or clay or small rocks deposited by a river or lake
- circus
- an arena consisting of an oval or circular area enclosed by tiers of seats and usually covered by a tent
- pyramid
- Huge, triangular shaped burial tombs of Egyptian pharaohs built during the Old Kingdom
- university
- establishment where a seat of higher learning is housed, including administrative and living quarters as well as facilities for research and teaching
- Epistle
- especially a long, formal letter from Paul
- aqueduct
- a conduit that resembles a bridge but carries water over a valley--used in rome
- Sunna
- (Islam) the way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims on the basis of the teachings and practices of Muhammad and interpretations of the Koran
- gladiator
- (ancient Rome) a professional combatant or a captive who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat
- social class
- groups with differant levels of importance
- province
- the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of the Roman nation
- Octavian
- see Caesar Augustus
- irrigation
- to supply land with water by means of ditches or channels
- Mecca
- City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion. (p. 230)
- Jerusalem
- A city in Holy Land, regarded as sacred by Christianity, Muslim, and Jews
- legacy
- a gift
- literacy
- the ability to read and write
- Sunni
- A group of Islamic religion that believes that its religious leader should be elected based on merit.
- afterlife
- life after death
- colloseum
- where gladiators fought to death as well as the persecution of Christians
- excommunication
- the act of banishing a member of the Church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the Church
- Gospels
- four books in the New Testament that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings
- delta
- a low triangular area where a river divides before entering a larger body of water
- surplus
- a situation in which the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded.-food
- Islam
- Submission to Allah