Humanities Quiz (ROZSARACRISSY)
Quiz for test tomorrow
Terms
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- naturalist
- Authors who tried to portray nature and human life without sentimentality.
- social Darwinism
- Spencer's argument (coming close to claiming that might makes right) used to justify neglect of the poor working class, exploitation colonial peoples, and aggressive competition among nations.
- Zionist
- Modern movement based on the theory that Jews were unacceptable as citizens of European nations, their only safety lay in establishing a nation of their own.
- realist
- Authors who tried to describe human behavior with scientific, objectively, rejecting the romantic idealization of nature, poverty, love, and polite society and portraying the hypocrisy, physical and psychic brutality, and the dullness that underlay bourgeois life.
- Albert Einstein
- scientist who discoverd the theory of relativity.
- Keynesian economics
- Economic theories and programs ascribed to John M. Keynes and his followers advocating government monetary and fiscal policies that increase employment and spending.
- Id
- Among Freud's three question of the mind, this one consists of innate, amoral, irrational drives for sexual gratification, aggression, and sensual pleasure.
- Wilhelm Roentgen
- scientist known for discovering the X-ray
- George Benard Shaw
- Realist playwright (Irish) who wrote works like Arms and the Man, Man and Superman, and Mrs. Warren's Profression
- Henrik Isben
- Realist writer who wrote A Doll's House
- Max Planck
- scientist who articulated a quantum theorgy of energy.
- Gustave Flaubert
- Realist who wrote Madame Bovary.
- Emile Zola
- Realist who had a theory on literary realism.
- Max Weber
- German sociologist that regarded the development of rational social orders as humanity's greatest achievement. Saw bureaucratization (the process whereby labor is divided into an organized community and individuals acquire a sense of personal identity by finding roles for themselves in large systems) as the driving force in modern society.
- modernism
- Movement of the 1870's criticizing middle classic society and traditional morality.
- super ego
- Among Freud's three entities this one internalizes the moral imperatives that society and culture impose on the personality.
- Theodor Herlz
- Founder of the Zionist movement.
- New Reading Public
- Because Enlightenment belief that new voters needed more information to exercise their rights properly, governments started funding education. Literacy was 85% in Britian, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, and Scandinavia.
- racism
- Belief that some peoples are innately superior to others.
- Werner Heisenberg
- scientist who discovered the uncertainty principle.
- papal infallibility
- Assertion that the pope's pronouncements on matters of faith and morals could not be questioned.
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- A German philologist who believed that the strength that produces heroes and great artist springs from something beyond reason. He critisized Christianity and democracy for empowering the mediocrity of the sheeplike masses.
- J.J. Thomson
- Cambridge University scientist who is credited for discovering the electron.
- Kulturkampf
- (culrural struggles) An exetreme church state conflict waged by Bismark in Germany during the 1870's in response to a perceived threat to German political unity from the Roman Catholic church.
- natural selection
- Darwin and Wallace's theory that those species with a unique trait that gives them a marginal advantage in the struggle for existence change the nature of their species by reproducing more successfully than their competitors; the fittest survive to pass their own unique characteristics.
- Ego
- Among Freud's three entities of the mind, this one mediates between the impulsive id and the self-denying super ego.
- positivism
- Comte's philosophy that all knowledge should be the kind of knowledge common to the physical sciences.