Ch 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What contributes to the diversity of organic molecules?
- Variation in Carbon Skeletons.
- What organic molecules consist only of carbon and hydrogen covalently bonded?
- Hydrocarbons
- What type of bonds do Hydrocarbons have?
- Covalent Bonds
- What is a compounds that has the same molecular formula but is not structurally the same, resulting in different properties?
- Isomer
- List the 3 types of Isomers.
-
Structural Isomer
Geometric Isomer
Enantiomers - What compound has the same molecular structure but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms, and also differ in the location of double bonds.
- Structural Isomer
- What compounds have the same molecular formula and covalent partnerships, but differ in their spatial arrangments?
- Geometric Isomer
- Draw an example of a Structural Isomer
- Structural Isomer
- Draw an example of a Geometric Isomer.
- See p.56 Geometric Isomer
- What kind of isomer is inflexible due to its double bonds?
- Geometric Isomer
- What compounds have the same molecular formula but are mirror images of each other.
- Enantiomer
- What contributes to the molecular diversity of life?
- Functional Groups
- These components of organic molecules are most commonly involved in chemical reactions.
- Functional Group
- What is the simplest organic molecule?
- Hydrocarbon
- Are functional groups hydrophobic or hydrophilic, and what does this mean?
- Hydrophilic - increases the solubility of organic compounds in water.
- List the 6 Functional Groups of organic compounds.
-
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Sulfhydryl
Phosphate - What group has a H atom bonded to an O atom, all bonded to the Carbon Skeleton of an organic molecule?
- Hydroxyl Group
- What group has a C atom joined to a O atom by a double bond?
- Carbonyl Group
- What group has an O atom double-bonded to a C atom that is also bonded to a Hydroxyl group?
- Carboxyl group
- What group has a N atom bonded to 2 H atoms and to the Carbon Skeleton of an organic molecule?
- Amino group
- What group has a S atom bonded to H atom, all bonded to the Carbon Skeleton of an organic molecule?
- Sulfhydryl group
- What group has an O atom of a phosphate ion bonded to the Carbon Skeleton of an organic molecule?
- Phosphate group
- What is the name of the organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups?
-
Alcohols
Names usually end in -ol - What is the name of the organic compounds containing carbonyl groups?
- Aldehydes ans Ketones
- What is the simplest Ketone?
- Acetone
- What is the name of the organic compounds containing carboxyl groups?
- Carboxylic Acids or Organic Acids
- What is the name of the organic compounds containing amino groups?
- Amines
- What is the name of the organic compounds containing sulfhydryl groups?
- Thiols
- What is the name of the organic compounds containing phosphate groups?
- Organic Phosphates
- Draw Glycine
- See p.72 Glycine
- Define an Amino Acid by the functional groups it is composed of.
- Both Amino and Carboxyl Groups
- Does an amino group act as an acid or base?
- Base (accepts H proton)
- Does a carboxyl group act as an acid or base?
- Acid because O's high electronegativity H is donated.
- Draw a non-ionized Carboxyl group
- See p.56 for Non-Ionized Carboxyl Group
- Draw an Ionized Carboxyl group
- See p.58 for Ionized Carboxyl Group
- Draw a non-ionized Amino group
- See p.58 for Non-ionized Amino Group
- Draw an ionized Amino group
- See p.58 for Ionized Amino Group
- Draw a Ketone
- See p.58 for Ketone (Carbonyl Group)
- Draw an Aldehyde
- See p.58 Aldehyde (Carbonyl Group)
- What forms the skeletons of most organic molecules?
- Carbon chains
- What are the most versatile building blocks of molecules?
- Carbon atoms
- What is the key to the chemical characteristics of an atom?
- Electron configuration
- What determines the kind and number of bonds an atom will form with other atoms?
- Electron configuration
- What is intersection of a molecule that branches off in up to 4 directions?
- Tetravalence
- What determines the function of a molecule?
- Shape
- What does each line in a structural formula represent?
- Covalent Bond - a pair of shared electrons
- What are the 4 variations in Carbon Skeletons?
-
1. Length
2. Branching- branched/unbranched
3. Double Bonds-different locations
4. Rings - Define Organic Chemistry
- The study of carbon compounds
- What type of atom, other than C, do most organic compounds contain?
- Hydrogen