EPPP Community 2
Terms
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- Caplan's three types of prevention
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1. Tertiary prevention - "closest", prevent recurrence, reduce duration/consequences
2. Secondary prevention - early detection and tx of problem to ease symptoms
3. Primary prevention - "furthest", preventive, carried out before onset of illness - Suicide risk factors
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1. over age 65
2. Male (commit, more females attempt)
3. White
4. non-married (highest divorced, then widows, then never-married)
5. Past suicide attempt
6. family history of attempts
7. depressed ind. whose symptoms have recently improved
8. state intention, have plan, have means
9. feelings of hopelessness - Age range with greatest increase in suicide rates
- 15-24 year olds, especially males
- Age range with highest suicide rate
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over 85 years of age
Most common reason is physical illness - Age ranges of highest suicide rate for African American and Native American males
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AA - 15-44
NA - 15-24 - Most consistent predictors of adolescent suicide
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1. diagnosis of depression
2. use of drugs/alcohol
3. antisocial behavior
other: previous suicidality and exposure to suicide of another person - Risk factors of suicide in older adults
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1. poor health status
2. depressive symptoms
3. recent death of loved one
4. self-destructive behaviors
5. altering a will
6. hostile interpersonal relations - Describe Caplan's Tertiary Prevention
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"closest" to illness
prevents recurrence, reduce duration and consequences
ex: rehab, AA, halfway house - Describe Caplan's Secondary Prevention
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early detection and tx before full blown illness develops, or keep from getting worse
ex: suicide prevention, hot-lines, screening tests for ppl with no symptoms - Describe Caplan's Primary Prevention
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"furthest" from illness and most preventive in nature conceptually
Carried out BEFORE onset of disease and involves preventing occurrence
ex: prenatal nutrition for low SES moms, Head Start, sex ed - Compare/contrast consultation vs. supervision
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1. consultation ad-hoc, supervision continuous
2. consultant no administrative authority
3. consultant not member of org
4. consultation focus is specific vs. general
5. consultation relationship is voluntary - mental health consultation
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Caplan's work
Focus on maximizing the social/emotional dev of clients under consultee's care
4 types - client-centered, consultee-centered, program-centered, consultee-centered administrative - Client-centered case consultation
- helping consultee develop a plan to work more effectively with particular client
- Consultee-centered case consultation
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Focus on problems within the consultee, rather than problems within client/s
ex: theme interference - consultee-centered administrative consultation
- focus on difficulties w/consultee that limits his effectiveness in administering a program or bringing out program change
- systems (process) consultation
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entire organization is viewed as consultee and targeted for change.
Assumpton: improving satisfaction among members will improve organization, typically focuses on improving interpersonal skills - Advocacy consultation
- focuses on bringing about institutional change (i.e. through political system) of a disenfranchised group
- Inpatient hospitalization: rates males v. females
- admission rates higher for males although mental illness rates higher for females. Reason: males engage in more "acting out" behaviors considered threatening to society
- Inpatient hospitalization: demographics
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25-44 year olds
never married
white (although minorities are overrepresented based on population proportions) - deinstitutionalization
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not successful
80% readmission rate in 2 years of discharge
lack of adequate support systems in communities - involuntary commitment
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use of behaivoral criteria - dangerous to self or others
2-PC rule: two physicians must agreeits necc - characteristics of abused children
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young - less than 2 y.o.
premature/difficult births
poorer school achievement and cognitive delays
develop attachment to those how cause them distress - characteristics of abusive parents
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lower SES in known cases, but likely = across SES cat.
abused a children
existence of psychological disorder - Lenore Walker's "Cycle of Violence"
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1. tension-building (may include minor battering incidents)
2. acute battering incident
3. honeymoon phase (complicates intervention - time most difficult for women to leave)