Linguistics: Prosody
Terms
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- Speech disorders that affect prosody
- Dysarthria & Dyspraxia
- Dysarthria
- Muscle weakness and inability to coordinate speech mechanisms
- Dyspraxia
- Difficulty sequencing motor movements. Speech is slow, monotone, equal syllabic stress. Robotic speech.
- What can a speech pathologist do to treat prosodic difficulties in children?
- Use gestures & movement to convey prosodic features such as intonation. Sing songs, use kazoos, talk into a bowl or a cup.
- Wennerstrom's four main pitch accents are...
- Pitch accents, pitch boundaries, key, & paratones.
- Pitch Accents
- Tones associated with lexical items that a speaker decides are particularly salient in the information structure of the discourse.
- Pitch Boundaries
- Pitch configurations at the ends of phrases, accompanied by lengthening of final syllables.
- Key
- The pitch a speaker chooses at the beginning of an utterance to convey an attitude or stance toward a previous utterance.
- Paratones
- Expanding or narrowing the pitch range to mark topical junctures.
- Eurhythmy, aka, The Rhythm Rule
- The overall rhythmic pattern of a phrase overrides the typical rhythmic stress of a word.
- Illocutionary Force of an utterance
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How the intonation
helps to convey the speaker's intention in producing it. - How are high paratones used to structure topics in discourse?
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Expansion of pitch range to mark topic shift.
High paratones begin
a new organizational unit of discourse. High paratones signal a change in topic of discourse. - How are low paratones used to structure topics in discourse?
- Low paratones = compression of pitch range to mark an aside or parenthetical with respect to the main topic.