Bio Unit 3 Quest
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- Please list the tasks that the cells need to do in order to survive.
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1. Consume Energy
2. Produce Waste Products
3. Interact w/ Other Cells
4. Change their enviornment/adopt to their enviornment
5. Defend themselves from the bacteria/enemies/diseases
6. Maintain homeostasis
7. Grow and develop
8. They need to protect their DNA - What are the levels of organization in complex living things?
- Organism, Organ System, Organ, Tissue, Specialized Cell
- What is an organism?
- a single living thing
- What is an organ system?
- A group of organs that work together to accomplish a task
- What is a organ?
- A group of tissues working together to accomplish a task
- What is a tissue?
- A group of cells with the same function trying to accomplish the same task.
- What is a specialized cell?
- A cell that has a particular job or function that they have to do.
- What are examples of organ systems?
- Skeletal System, nervous system, immune system, reprodctive system, endocrine system,
- What are examples of organs?
- Lungs, liver, stomach, heart, pancreas, skin
- What are examples of tissues?
- Muscle, Bone
- How is the image on the light microscope created?
- The light reflects on mirrors to create the image that you see.
- Why is the light microscope also known as a compound microscope?
- It has 2 lenses
- What are the 2 types of electron microscopes? How do they differ?
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SEM (scanning electron microscope
and
TEM (transmission electron microscope)
They vary because SEM takes pictures of the surface of the item, while TEM takes a more magnified view (but the substance must be dead. - How are the images created on an electron microscope?
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Electrons are shot through a thin sample, or they bound off of thicker substances
(the electrons form the image) - What are the beliefs in the cell theory?
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1. all organisms are made up of one or more cells
2. cells are the basic unit strucutre and function of living organisms
3. cells arise from pre-existing cells (because to get more cells division needs to take place) - Which was created first the TEM, SEM, or the light microscope?
- light microscope
- What experiment has been done to try to figure out how the first cell came into existance?
- In a room they reconstructed what the begenning of the world was like, then they tried to figure out how the cells could have formed
- What was the result of the experiment on how the first cell came into existence?
- Little bubles and amino acids formed
- In a light microsocpe, what are the 3 darkest points?
- Chromatin, Chromosomes, and DNA
- What does the cell/plasma membrane look like on the outside?
- 2 layers of phosopholipids a boundary of proteins
- What are the four things that all cells have in common? Are there any exceptions?
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1. have DNA
exception: red blood cells
2. have ribosomes
3. have a cell membrane
4. capable of cell division - Where is the site of photosynthesis?
- ribosomes
- What is the cell membrane made out of?
- phospholipids
- What happens to cells over time?
- they deteriorate.
- What happens to your blood over the period of time of 5 months?
- all your blood cells are different than they were 5 months before b/c your cells have deteriorated, and new ones have been created (through cell division)
- What are the 2 basic types of cells?
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25) Prokaryote and Eukaryote Cells
The prokaryote cells do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while the eukaryote cells do. - What are examples of the 2 basic types of cells?
- Prokaryote- bacterial Eukaryote- animal, plant, fungus, protest
- What is a pro and a con in prokaryotes because it does not protect the nucleus
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pro: it is easier to access
con: it is easier to destroy - 29) List the following from largest to smallest: virus, diameter of DNA double helix, eukaryote cells, atoms, proteins, mitochondrian, most bacteria.
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Eukaryote Cells
Mitochondrian
Most Bacteria
Virus
Proteins
Diameter of DNA double helix
atoms - What is an organelle and what do the parts of the word mean?
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Def: a specialized structure that preforms spcific functions vital to the life of a cell
Mean: Elle- little, small
Organ- Organ
Combine: Little Organe - What does the term membrane-bound mean?
- outside of the cell
- Where is the DNA located and what does the organelle that it is located in do?
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DNA is located in the nucleus
control center for the cell - What is the nuclear membrane made out of?
- phospholipids
- What is the purpose of the pores in the nuclear membrane?
- Allow things in and out, control traffic that has access to your DNA
- What do lysosomes have a sack of?
- hydrolytic enzymes
- What could happen to the cell if the lysosomes in the cell were destroyed?
- The cell may be destroyed.
- What different types of things are sent to the lysosomes and why are they sent there?
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Old, tired, worn out organelles for recycling
Dangerous organelles - What cell are lysosomes not often found in, and what part of that cell helps with the function of recycling, in that type of cell?
- Plant cell; Large Vacuole
- What is an example of a dangerous enzyme being helpful for you?
- seperation of your fingers
- What does ER stand for?
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- What does the ER do?
- Channels that serve as paths for the transport of materials throughout the cell.
- How can you receive more smooth ER?
- Through the consumption of a lot of toxic items
- What are the 2 types of ER and what are the functions of each?
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Rough ER and Smooth ER
Rough ER: ribosomes, site of protein synthesis
Smooth ER: lipid synthesis, detoxification of drugs and poisons (especially in living cells) - What is tolerance (in relation to enzymes), what is an example?
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Tolerance is when more enzymes are produced to break that substance down
Eg: alcohol, pain killers - What si the ER membrane made out of?
- phospholipids
- What structure in larger life is similar to the GOlogi Apparatus?
- The post office
- What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
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Figure out where things are going, and then to sent them off in the right direction.
They create vesicles for transportation. - What is the cytoskeleton built out of?
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Microtubles & Microfilaments
(micro- small; filaments- hair) - How is the cytoskeleton similar to a whole bunch of zip lines?
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~ you can travel on a zipline for transportation
~ you can grip onto two or more ziplines for stability - How are Flagella and Cilia similar?
- they are both involved with movement, they are both located on the outside of a cell.
- What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
- To shape and organize the cell.
- What is the difference between flagella and cilia in a picture?
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Flagella- a long, whip-like structure, often one
Cilia- short hairs, often found in bunches - What type of cells is the centriole found in?
- Animal Cells
- How is the centriole like a fishing rod?
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It can sit still, throws out fibers, hooks on to different parts of the cells
tug fish- each cell needs ribosomes
extend out and shrink back - How is the centriole similar to the cytoskeleton?
- thye both move things around, and they are made up of the same thing
- How many centrioles to you have in a cell?
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one is enough, no more than 2
(you have 2 when the cell is dividing) - What is the function of the centriole?
- helps to move parts of the cell around
- What does a centriole look like in a picture?
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a bunch of rods
star shape on the end if sideways view - What features are specific to plant cells?
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1. Cell Wall
2. Chloroplast
3. Large Vacuole - What features are specific to animal cells?
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1. Centriole
2. Lysosomes - What color is chloroplast? Why is it that color?
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Green
Because of chlorophyll - What is the function of chloroplast?
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Site of photosynthesis
Where glucose is chemically synthesized - What is the equation for photosynthesis in chloroplast? What equation is it the reverse of?
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6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 +6O2
Carbon Dioxide + Water --> Glucose + Oxygen
Reverse of cellular respiration - What type of organism is chloroplast found in?
- photosynthesis organism
- What type of cell(s) can chloroplast be found in?
- protist or plant
- What does an image of chloroplast look like?
- have these things inside that look like poker chips, green
- What other organelle is similar to it in function?
- Mitochondira
- What are the functions of the large central vacuole?
- Storage and Protection
- What does the large vacuole store?
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Water
Glucose
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Anthing found in Fertalizer
Sap
Toxic Chemicals - How does the large vacuole protect the plant?
- Contains chemicals poisonous to animals/predators to repel the omnivores from eating them
- What type of cell is the large vacuole the largest part of that cell?
- a mature plant cell
- What are the functions of the cell wall?
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1. Protection
2. Organizes + Shapes and organism
3. Regulates materials entering + exiting w/help from the cell membrane - What is the cell wall made out of?
- cellulose--> fiber
- If you want something high in fiber what should you eat?
- plants, because they are surrounded by fiber.