Chapter 4 Carbon & The Molecular Diversity Of Life
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- Formation of bonds W/ Carbon
- Carbon is tetravalent which means that there are 4 unpaired e- in valence shell. Carbon can share 4 e- w/ other atoms (covelent). Thus formation of large complex molecules are possible.
- Molecular diversity arising from carbon skeleton variations are
-
- Hydrocarbons
- Isomers - Hydrocarbons are
- hyrophobic (non polar covalent bonds between C & H not water soluble.) It is also a major component of petroleum (fossil Fuel). The have a high E potential which means breaking down hydrocarbons releases large amount of E. example is Fat
-
Isomers are
(iso means the same) -
same elements configured differently. thier structure indicates thier fuction and they have different properties.
-structural isomers
-geometric isomers
-enatiomers - structural isomers have
- Different locations of the atoms and differ in arranngment of double bonds
- Geometric isomers have
- the same covalent partnerships but different spatial arrangments. the double bonds eliminate rotation.
- enatiomers have
-
a molecules that are mirror images of one another (like your left and right hands) structure = fuction
EX. Thalidomine in the late 50's early 60's reduced morning sickness and later caused birth defects. - fuctional groups are the parts of molecules involved in chemical reactions
-
Fuctional groups
and cellualr respiration - Fuctional groups are most important in the chemistry of life
- they behave consistantly from molecule to molecule and help to determine the unique properties of molecules. Many are water soluble which is important to tranportation thru blood.
- cellular respiration
-
has Adenosine Triphophate ATP
and an important source of E for cellular work.
**** memorize p. 64-65