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Chapter 4 Carbon & The Molecular Diversity Of Life

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Formation of bonds W/ Carbon
Carbon is tetravalent which means that there are 4 unpaired e- in valence shell. Carbon can share 4 e- w/ other atoms (covelent). Thus formation of large complex molecules are possible.
Molecular diversity arising from carbon skeleton variations are
- Hydrocarbons
- Isomers
Hydrocarbons are
hyrophobic (non polar covalent bonds between C & H not water soluble.) It is also a major component of petroleum (fossil Fuel). The have a high E potential which means breaking down hydrocarbons releases large amount of E. example is Fat
Isomers are
(iso means the same)
same elements configured differently. thier structure indicates thier fuction and they have different properties.
-structural isomers
-geometric isomers
-enatiomers
structural isomers have
Different locations of the atoms and differ in arranngment of double bonds
Geometric isomers have
the same covalent partnerships but different spatial arrangments. the double bonds eliminate rotation.
enatiomers have
a molecules that are mirror images of one another (like your left and right hands) structure = fuction
EX. Thalidomine in the late 50's early 60's reduced morning sickness and later caused birth defects.
fuctional groups are the parts of molecules involved in chemical reactions
Fuctional groups
and cellualr respiration
Fuctional groups are most important in the chemistry of life
they behave consistantly from molecule to molecule and help to determine the unique properties of molecules. Many are water soluble which is important to tranportation thru blood.
cellular respiration
has Adenosine Triphophate ATP
and an important source of E for cellular work.
**** memorize p. 64-65

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