Tobacco Cessation 4
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- Describe characteristics of dependence.
- As increased amounts are needed over time, the loss of control over the amount and frequency of tobacco use shows evidence of dependence
- Why may a tobacco user's gingiva appear healthy when not?
- The degree of inflammatory response to dental biofilm accumulation is reduced compared to non-smokers
- List 3 oral abnormalities in infants that are associated with cigarette smoke exposure in utero.
- Cleft lip, cleft palate, and delayed tooth formation
- Why may a non-smoker be more sensitive to the toxic effects of ETS than the habitual smoker?
- Because the system of the smoker adapts to compensate for the deleterious effects of continued smoking
- How does nicotine increase feelings of pleasure and the compulsion to use tobacco?
- By intensifying the release of dopamine by the brain (positive reinforcement)
- List 4 pregnancy risks for a pregnant woman exposed to cigarette smoke.
- Miscarriage, placenta previa, low birth weight, and increased perinatal mortality
- Does tobacco affect the rate of dental biofilm accumulation?
- No
- Because the system of the smoker adapts to compensate for the deleterious effects of continued smoking
- Nicotine and carbon monoxide cross the placenta and enter the fetus
- What can cigarette smoke cause in an infant (after birth)?
- Increased incidence of lower respiratory tract illness; sudden infant death syndrome
- Describe the composition of ETS.
- Side-stream smoke, exhaled mainstream smoke, and vaporized compounds diffused through a cigarette wrapper
- True or false: Tobacco users are at a major risk of developing more severe periodontitis at younger ages than nonusers.
- True
- Describe the host response during periodontal destruction (smoker).
- Decreased immune response; Impaired neutrophils; decreased chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and adherence; Altered antibody production; decreased serum IgG; Impairment of revascularization (impacts healing); Negative effect on bone metabolism
- What is heavy cigarette smoking also highly related to?
- Cocaine and marijuana use
- Describe the response to treatment in a smoker.
- Resistance to conventional therapy; Implants have greater risk of failure due to implantitis; Delayed healing
- What does tolerance to nicotine mean?
- The user needs to smoke or chew more over time because it is less effective in causing positive feelings
- Describe periodontitis in tobacco users.
- Increased rate and severity of periodontal destruction; Increased bone loss, attachment loss, and pocket depts.; Gingival recession may be noted around anterior teeth; Increased tooth loss (from periodontal causes); Prevalence and severity lesson with cessation
- List 5 chemicals found in ETS?
- Hydrogen cyanide; Sulphur dioxide; Formaldehyde; Carbon monoxide; Nicotine
- Smokers are more likely to consume what? Why is this significant?
- Alcohol. The combined use of alcohol and tobacco places the patient at greater risk for neoplasms and other oral problems
- What is another name for second-hand smoke?
- Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
- List 4 ways ETS can affect young children?
- Lung development is affected (symptoms of coughing, phlegm, and wheezing); Higher risk of asthma; Increased incidence of middle ear infections; Behavioural problems and lower academic achievement
- How are chemicals passed from a smoking mother to infant?
- Through breast milk