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Biology- Lesson 1-4

Terms

undefined, object
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defined as...
bio. is bestA. life and life processes.
B. the composition, structure, and properties of substances and the changes they undergo.
C. matter, motion, mechanics, heat, light, electricity, and sound.
D. the earth, especiall
life and life processes.
an organism is...
A. an animal but not a plant.
B. the smallest unit that can perform all of the life processes.
C. when a living thing maintains its internal environment.
D. anything made of one or more cells that exhibits all of the
anything made of one or more cells that exhibits all of the characteristics of life.
Homeostasis is to stability as adaptation is to...
A. development.
B. growth.
C. maintenance.
D. change.
maintenance.
Your heart beats more quickly and you breathe more rapidly after exercising. What characteristic of life does this represent?

A. reproduction
B. adaptation
C. homeostasis
D. organization
homeostasis
The human respiratory and nervous systems are examples of what characteristic of life?

A. reproduction
B. adaptation
C. homeostasis
D. organization
organization
Which of the following is not identified correctly?

A. evolution
B. homeostasis
C. organization
D. reproduction
recess bell—stimulus
Each of the following is considered an SI measurement except the

A. pound.
B. liter.
C. second.
D. Celsius degree
pound.
The next step a scientist takes after forming a hypothesis is to
experiment to test the hypothesis.
A student experiments to study the growth of radish roots at ten different temperatures, from 5 degrees Celsius to 45 degrees Celsius. The dependent variable in this experiment would be

A. growth.
B. temperature.
C. roots.
D. Ce
temperature.
. A test of a hypothesis is called a(n)
experiment.
In an experiment, the group in which all conditions are kept the same except for the one being tested is a(n)

A. dependent variable.
B. independent variable.
C. control group.
D. experimental group
experimental group.
The number of red blood cells in a mouse's blood at different iron levels of the mouse's diet is the

A. dependent variable.
B. independent variable.
C. control group.
D. experimental group
dependent variable.
A person drinking a glass of water illustrates both biotic and abiotic factors. The water would be
none of the above
Autotroph is to producer as heterotroph is to
consumer.
Ecology is the study of
interactions between organisms and their environments.
A group of organisms of the same species that interbreed and live in the same place is a(n)

A. community.
B. organism.
C. population.
D. ecosystem
population.
Interaction between biotic populations and abiotic factors in a community is a(n)

A. community.
B. organism.
C. population.
D. ecosystem.
ecosystem
A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit would be

A. mutualism.
B. parasitism.
C. commensalism.
D. omnivorous
. mutualism
A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other does not benefit or suffer is

A. mutualism.
B. parasitism.
C. commensal.
D. abiotic.
commensal.
As water moves through an ecosystem, plants and animals lose the water to the atmosphere through

A. photosynthesis.
B. dehydration.
C. precipitation.
D. respiration.
respiration
Atmospheric nitrogen is converted into usable nitrogen compounds by

A. bacteria.
B. heterotrophs.
C. plants.
D. carnivores.
bacteria.
The total transfer of energy from one trophic level to another that an organism can use is

A. 10 percent.
B. 30 percent.
C. 50 percent.
D. 70 percent.
70 percent
Which of the following is part of a community?

A. soil
B. rocks
C. plants
D. water
water
What vital function is performed by fungi and bacteria in an ecosystem?

A. photosynthesis
B. decomposition
C. commensalism
D. all of the above
decomposition
Plants are classified as

A. producers because they produce carbon dioxide when they respire.
B. producers because they capture energy from the sun.
C. consumers because they feed on bacteria from the soil.
D. consumers because t
consumers because they use the energy they produce.
You would receive more energy when consuming a steak than a salad.

A. True
B. False
True
Carbon dioxide is returned to the earth's atmosphere when

A. trees are planted.
B. animal extinction is prevented.
C. fossil fuels are burned.
D. plastic is used.
trees are planted.
Cows are to herbivores as humans are to

A. omnivores.
B. carnivores.
C. herbivores.
D. detritivores
omnivores
The number of trophic levels in an ecosystem is limited because

A. carnivores are near extinction.
B. so much energy is lost at each level.
C. plants produce less energy today than they did 100 years ago.
D. of the abiotic facto
so much energy is lost at each level.
Habitat is to house as niche is to

A. profession.
B. mansion.
C. wealth.
D. possessions.
profession
Homeostasis in a cell is primarily maintained by the

A. glucose.
B. mitochondria.
C. plasma membrane.
D. DNA.
C. plasma membrane
The property of the plasma membrane that allows certain particles to pass through and keeps other particles out is known as

A. selective permeability.
B. diffusion.
C. dynamic equilibrium.
D. turgor pressure.
A. selective permeability.
The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called

A. active transport.
B. osmosis.
C. diffusion.
D. selective permeability.
C. diffusion
When a few drops of food coloring are dropped into a cup of water, they will

A. move from low to high concentration.
B. move from high to low concentration.
C. remain separated from the water.
D. drop to the bottom of the cup an
B. move from high to low concentration.
When materials pass into and out of the cell at equal rates and there is no net change in concentration inside of the cell, the cell is said to be in a state of

A. hypertonic solution.
B. active transport.
C. hypotonic solution.
D. dynamic equilibrium.
. The difference in concentration from one region to another is called

A. dynamic equilibrium.
B. homeostasis.
C. turgor pressure.
D. the concentration gradient.
D. the concentration gradient.
If the concentration of dissolved substances in a solution is lower than the concentration inside of the cell, the solution is

A. isotonic.
B. hypotonic.
C. hypertonic.
D. dynamic.
B. hypotonic.
Water will enter a cell by osmosis and result in turgor pressure when the cell is placed in a(n)

A. isotonic solution.
B. hypotonic solution.
C. hypertonic solution.
D. dynamic solution.
C. hypertonic solution.
The type of solution that will not cause cellular damage when injected into the body because net osmosis does not occur is a(n)

A. isotonic solution.
B. hypotonic solution.
C. hypertonic solution.
D. diffusion solution.
A. isotonic solution.
The type of solution that will not cause cellular damage when injected into the body because net osmosis
does not occur is a(n)

A. isotonic solution.
B. hypotonic solution.
C. hypertonic solution.
D. diffusion solution
isotonic solution
Which of the following is not true of active transport?

A. It defies the concentration gradient.
B. It requires the cell to expend energy.
C. Proteins help the cell carry out active transport.
D. Osmosis is an example of active
D. Osmosis is an example of active transport.
Each of the following is needed to carry out photosynthesis except

A. oxygen.
B. carbon dioxide.
C. chlorophyll.
D. water.
A. oxygen.
The Calvin cycle involves the

A. formation of carbohydrates in plants.
B. breakdown of carbohydrates in animals.
C. division of the cell.
D. production of ATP molecules.
A. formation of carbohydrates in plants
The Calvin cycle takes place in the

A. stroma of chloroplasts.
B. mitochondria.
C. ribosomes.
D. chromosomes.
A. stroma of chloroplasts
Photosynthesis is to building carbohydrates as __________ is to breaking down carbohydrates.

A. the Calvin cycle
B. diffusion
C. respiration
D. mitosis
C. respiration
Heterotrophs get their energy directly from

A. the sun.
B. photosynthesis.
C. food.
D. mitosis.
B. photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is to oxygen as respiration is to

A. simple sugars.
B. chlorophyll.
C. carbon dioxide.
D. hydrogen.
C. carbon dioxide
The energy-storing compounds of the cell are called

A. mitochondria.
B. ATP.
C. DNA.
D. proteins.
B. ATP.
Energy-storing compounds of the cell are formed in the "powerhouse" of the cell known as the

A. mitochondrion.
B. nucleus.
C. ribosome.
D. chromosome.
A. mitochondrion.
Chloroplasts are found in

A. plants.
B. animals.
C. both plants and animals.
D. ATP molecules
A. plants.
Deforestation is related to the upset of

A. the Calvin cycle.
B. photosynthesis and respiration.
C. the cell cycle.
Deforestation is related to the upset of

A. the Calvin cycle.
B. photosynthesis and respiration.
D. dynamic equilibrium.
Each of the following is a reason why cells must remain small except

A. diffusion is a primary means of cellular transport.
B. there is a limited amount of DNA.
C. the surface area-to-volume ratio is limiting.
D. the plasma memb
D. the plasma membrane is unable to change shape
The stringy structures that appear in the cell nucleus just before division are

A. chromosomes.
B. RNA.
C. chloroplasts.
D. ADP.
A. chromosomes.
The period of cell growth is known as

A. the Calvin cycle.
B. interphase.
C. mitosis.
D. respiration.
B. interphase.
The period in which the nucleus and cytoplasm divide and a set of chromosomes is distributed to each daughter cell is known as

A. the Calvin cycle.
B. interphase.
C. mitosis.
D. respiration.
C. mitosis.
426 . Anaphase: Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite polls of the cell.

A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
C 3rd
27 . Prophase: Chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear, and a spindle forms between the pairs of centrioles that have moved to opposite ends of the cell.

A. first
B. second
C. third
A 1st
28 . Telophase: With a complete set of chomosomes at each end of the cell, the cytoplasm divides.

A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
D4th
Metaphase: Chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle, with each chromatid attached to a separate spindle fiber by its centromere

A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
B2nd
When normal cells are allowed to grow in a dish that contains nutrients, the cells will

A. flourish in the environment and eventually spill out of the dish as it becomes too full to contain all of the cells.
B. continue to divide until th
B. continue to divide until they cover the bottom of the dish and touch all sides.
1 . The orderly, natural changes that take place in a community as environmental conditions change is a process called

A. climax.
B. succession.
C. pollution.
D. carrying capacity.
B. succession.
When new sites of land are formed, as in a lava flow, (1) what are the first organisms to colonize the new area, and (2) what is the colonization called?

A. pioneer; secondary succession
B. primary; climax
C. pioneer; primary success
C. pioneer; primary succession
A sequence of community changes that occur as a result of a natural disaster, such as a forest fire, is called

A. primary succession.
B. secondary succession.
C. climax.
D. carrying capacity.
B. secondary succession
A climax community of any ecosystem on Earth is determined by its

A. shoreline.
B. resources.
C. carrying capacity.
D. climate.
B. resources
A large group of ecosystems that share the same climate is called a

A. biosphere.
B. biome.
C. trophic level.
D. nonrenewable resource.
A. biosphere
The body of water where fresh water from a river mixes with salt water is called a(n)

A. estuary.
B. intertidal zone.
C. sandbar.
D. aphotic zone.
A. estuary.
The terrestrial biome with the greatest biodiversity is called a

A. desert.
B. taiga.
C. grassland.
D. tropical rain forest
D. tropical rain forest
The most common biome that is also known as the breadbasket of the world is called a

A. tundra.
B. tropical rain forest.
C. temperate forest.
D. grassland.
D. grassland.
Approximately 75 percent of Earth is

A. terrestrial.
B. aquatic.
C. desert.
D. uninhabited.
B. aquatic.
The biome that has coniferous forests, peat swamps, and long, harsh winters is called a

A. tropical rain forest.
B. taiga.
C. tundra.
D. temperate forest.
B. taiga.
13 . The number of organisms that a population can support over an indefinite period of time is called its

A. biodiversity.
B. climate.
C. ecosystem.
D. carrying capacity.
D. carrying capacity.
The most important factor that determines population growth of an organism is

A. its social pattern.
B. its reproductive pattern.
C. its feeding pattern.
D. whether the organism is part of a climax community.
A. its social pattern.
Populations of organisms tend to grow at

A. linear rates.
B. exponential rates.
C. slow rates.
D. unpredictable rates.
C. slow rates.
Zero population growth refers to

A. births exceeding deaths.
B. deaths exceeding births.
C. births equalling deaths.
D. a decrease in births combined with an increase in deaths
D. a decrease in births combined with an increase in deaths
Which of the following is a density independent factor?

A. disease
B. drought
C. competition for food
D. none of the above
B. drought
China currently

A. is attempting to expand its population.
B. is faced with exponential population growth.
C. has government policies that control population growth.
D. is facing drastic reductions in population
C. has government policies that control population growth.
Renewable resources are those that

A. are man-made.
B. are so abundant that we can never run out.
C. are replaced naturally in the environment.
D. people can artificially cause nature to produce
C. are replaced naturally in the environment.
Each of the following is considered a nonrenewable resource except

A. oil, coal, and natural gas.
B. topsoil.
C. carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
D. groundwater.
C. carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
What type of scale is used to determine the acidity in the environment?

A. Fahrenheit
B. pH
C. Celsius
D. CFC
B. pH
The process whereby radiant energy from the sun is retained as heat in atmospheric gases is called

A. ozone.
B. the greenhouse effect.
C. pollution.
D. acid rain.
B. the greenhouse effect.
Rachel Carson's book, Silent Spring, dealt with environmental concern over

A. acid rain.
B. pollution from insecticides.
C. global warming.
D. ozone depletion.
B. pollution from insecticides.
Herbicides, pesticides, insecticides, and fertilizers are partially of concern because they cause

A. ozone depletion.
B. global warming.
C. acid rain.
D. groundwater pollution.
A. ozone depletion.
Which one of the following can be most faulted for acid rain?

A. species extinction
B. chlorofluorocarbons
C. fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides
D. sulfur produced by industrial smokestacks
D. sulfur produced by industrial smokestacks
27 . The amount of Earth's freshwater supply available to plant and animal life is approximately

A. 0.1 percent.
B. 10 percent.
C. 50 percent.
D. 75 percent.
A. 0.1 percent.
Scientists feel the depletion of the earth's ozone is partly because of

A. pH.
B. sulfur.
C. the burning of fossil fuels.
D. CFCs.
D. CFCs.
Efforts to protect endangered species have prevented all extinction since the age of the dinosaur.

A. True
B. False
B. False
1 . A cell is to an organism as a(n) __________ is to an element.

A. electron
B. nucleus
C. energy level
D. atom
D. atom
2 . The periodic table lists

A. atoms.
B. elements.
C. classes of organisms.
D. biomes.
B. elements.
Carbon and three other elements make up 96 percent of human mass. The other three elements include each of the following except

A. iron.
B. hydrogen.
C. oxygen.
D. nitrogen.
A. iron.
What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy level?

A. 2
B. 8
C. 18
D. none of the above
A. 2
If the atomic number of oxygen is 8, we know that it has

A. 16 electrons.
B. 8 protons.
C. 4 protons and 4 neutrons.
D. both A and B.
C. 4 protons and 4 neutrons.
Which of the following has a net charge?

A. compounds
B. ions
C. molecules
D. neutrons
D. neutrons
H2O can best be categorized as a(n)

A. gas.
B. element.
C. atom.
D. compound.
D. compound.
Carbon, the substance represented by the letter "C" on the periodic table, can best be categorized as a(n)

A. compound.
B. molecule.
C. element.
D. atom.
C. element.
. The type of bond that atoms form when they share electrons is a(n)

A. ionic bond.
B. covalent bond.
C. hydrogen bond.
D. none of the above.
B. covalent bond.
Atoms naturally form bonds in order to

A. increase their stability.
B. become larger.
C. form useful substances.
D. none of the above.
A. increase their stability.
What makes up between 70 and 95 percent of an organism?

A. NaCl
B. H2O
C. carbohydrates
D. lipids
B. H2O
12 . made up of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base that combine to form

A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. proteins
D. nucleic acids

a nucleotide
D
13 . made from glycerol and fatty acids

A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. proteins
D. nucleic acids
B
14 . include DNA and RNA

A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. proteins
D. nucleic acids
D
15 . made up of amino acids

A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. proteins
D. nucleic acids
C
16 . provide an organism with a genetic code
D
17 . used for long-term energy storage, for insulation, and as a protective coating for organs
B
18 . can be monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides
A
19 . include enzymes that help to speed up chemical reactions which take place in the body
C
20 . A prokaryote

A. is an organism with a cell that lacks internal, membrane-bound structures.
B. has a defined nucleus.
C. is either single-celled or made up of many cells.
D. has many organelles.
A. is an organism with a cell that lacks internal, membrane-bound structures.
21 . Humans are

A. prokaryotic.
B. eukaryotic.
C. both of the above.
D. none of the above.
B. eukaryotic.
22 . A plasma membrane

A. is inflexible and causes the cell to take on a permanent shape.
B. is not found in animal cells.
C. controls the movement of materials that enter and exit the cell.
D. all of the above.
C. controls the movement of materials that enter and exit the cell.
23 . The organelle that manages cell functions in a eukaryotic cell is the

A. mitochondrion.
B. nucleus.
C. plasma membrane.
D. ER.
B. nucleus.
24 . Which of the following is found inside of the nucleus?

A. the cytoplasm
B. ribosomes
C. DNA
D. the Golgi apparatus
C. DNA
25 . Which cell organelle is responsible for the manufacture of proteins?

A. the nucleus
B. the ER
C. ribosomes
D. lysosomes
C. ribosomes
26 . Cell organelles that are responsible for digesting worn-out cell parts and helping to remove cell waste are called

A. vacuoles.
B. lysosomes.
C. mitochondria.
D. ribosomes.
B. lysosomes.
27 . Cell organelles that break down food molecules to produce a usable form of energy for the cell are known as the

A. lysosomes.
B. cytoplasm.
C. nucleus.
D. mitochondria.
D. mitochondria.
28 . A valid scientific theory can be formed once an experiment proves a hypothesis to be correct.

A. True
B. False
B. False
29 . The fluid inside of the cell is known as the

A. cytoplasm.
B. Golgi apparatus.
C. vacuole.
D. ER.
A. cytoplasm.
30 . The factor that had the most impact on scientists' ability to develop the cell theory was the

A. identification of elements.
B. development of the telescope.
C. development of the microscope.
D. new interest in medicine tha
C. development of the microscope.

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