edpy 442ch13
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- counselors should consider 4 main factors when selecting a theory
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1.personal experience
2.consensus of experts
3.prestige
4.verified body of knowledge - co leaders
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-2 leaders
-good if over 10 people
-one works with the group, the other monitors the process - counseling/interpersonal probelm solving groups
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-help group participants to resolve their unusual , yet difficult problems of living through interpersonal support & problem solving
-help clients to develop existing interpersonal & problem solving competencies - follow up
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-help group members and leaders assess what they gained in the group experience and allows the leader to refer a group member for help
-3 months after termination - self disclosure
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-here and now feelings, attitudes and beliefs
-higher the trust within the group, the greater self disclosure - psychotherapy/personality reconstruction groups
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-help individual group members remediate in depth psychological problems
-often used in inpatient facilities - task/work groups
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help members apply the principles and processes of group dynamics to improve practices and accomplish identified work tasks
ie.committees, teams, quality circle - guidence/psychoeducational groups
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-preventive & instructional
-teach group participants how to deal a potential threat, event or crisis
-often in educational settings -
quality circle
(example of task group) - employee run group of workers who meet weekly to examine the processes they are using in their jobs & devise ways to imporve them
- theory
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-provides direction & guidance in examining basic assumptions about human beings
-useful in determining goals, clarifying roles
-can help in evaluating the outcomes of the group - groups all involve
- work-the dynamic interaction between collections of individuals for prevention or remediation of difficulties or for the enhancement of personal growth/enrichment
- group dynamics
- interaction of members within the group
- t-groups
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-t=training
-emphasis on interpersonal relationships
-goal-learn how one's behavior in a group influences others' behavior and vice versa - encounter groups
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-emerged from t groups
-focus-growth of the individual group members rather than the group itself
-intended for normally functioning people who want to grow, change & develop - feedback
- multidimensional prosess that consists of group members' responding to the verbal messages and nonverbal behaviors of one another
- group marathon
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-extended, one session group experience that breaks down defensive barriors that individuals may otherwise use
-lasts minimum of 24 hours
ex. substance abuse - psychodrama
- members enact unrehearsed role plays with the group leader serving as the director & other group members as actors in the play
- self help/support groups
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self help group-develop spontaneously, centers on a single topic, led by a person with little formal training but with experience in the stressful event that has brought the group together
-short of long term
-help members gain greater control of their lives
Support group-similar to self help groups, but organized by an established professional - group processes
- how group member interactions influence the dev. of the group
- group work
- broad professional practice that refers to the giving of help or the accomplishment of tasks in a group setting
- groups differ in
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-purpose
-length
-composition - tuckman-stage process for group counseling
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1.Forming Stage-foundation is laid down for what is to come and who will be considered in or out of group deliberations
2.Storming Stage-considerable turmoil and conflict
3.Norming-having survived the storm the group often generates enthusiasm & cohesion
4.Performing Stage-group members become involved with each other & their individual and collective goals
5.Mourning/Morning Stage(Adjourning)-group comes to an end - ASGW's Ethical Guidelines for Group Counselors says that during a pregroup interview
- members will be selected whose needs and goals are compatible of that of the group
- 2 types of group processes
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1.homogeneous group-members are more alike than unalike
2.heterogeneous group-members are more unalike than alike - advantages of groups
- people feel that they are not alone, or abnormal in their problems
- disadvantages of groups
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-individuals may not be dealt with in enough depth
-group pressure
-groupthink mentality
- groupthink mentality
- stereotypical, defensive & stale thought processes become the norm and creativity & problem solving are squelched
- optimal # of group members
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-6 to 8
-with children, 3 to 4 - 2 thing essential to a successful group
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1.screening
2.preparation
how?-through pregroup interviews & training - group
- 2 or more people interacting to achieve a goal for their mutual benefit
- open ended group
- admit new members after they have started
- closed ended groups
- do not admit new members after they have started
- groups work best when members feel a sense of confidentiality:
- what is said in the group will not be said outside
- group casualties
- members who drop out or are worse off after the group experience
- groups are becoming
- more preventive(life skill training)