Deep Back Muscles
All are innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves.
Terms
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- Erector Spinae Group
- Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis - Primary Extenders of Back
- Anulus Fibrosis
- Fibrocartilaginous circular outer part of intervertebral disk, holds it together
- Transversospinalis Group
- Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores - Stabilize Vertebral Column; Deep to Erector Spinae
- Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor
- Spine of C1 to occipital bone (below nuchael line). Inn: Posterior Ramus of C1. f(x) extension of head.
- Spinalis M
- (along the spines) Three sets: Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitalis. Goes from lower to higher spinous processes. Capitus ends on post. portion of skull.
- Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
- Spine of C2 to occipital bone (below nuchal line). Inn: Posterior Ramus of C1. f(x) extension of head, rotation of face to same side as muscle
- Nucleus Propulsus
- Colloid center of intervertebral disk--functions to absorb shock
- Rotatores M
- (rotators) Deepest of Transversospinalis group. From transverse process to spine 1-2 levels above. Brevis (thorax) are nearly horizontal--> rotation.
- Splenius Capitis
- (bandage) larger of two; lig nuchea to mastoid process. Inn: cervical dorsal rami
- Suboccipital N
- Dorsal ramus of C1, motor to suboccipital muscles. Note, there is no sensory branch of C1 nerve.
- Deep Back Muscles
- Inn: All Dorsal Rami - All attach to vertebrae/ribs at some point - All act in EXTENSION of back
- Spinotransversales Muscles
- Splenius Capitis & Splenius Cervicis; extend head back. Each muscle rotates to head to same side as contracting muscle.
- Longissimus M
- (long muslces) Three sets: Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis. Middle of erector spinae group. Lowest starts at ilian crest and lumbar spinous processes, and end by attaching to thoracic transverse processes. Origin blends with Iliocostalis. Upper parts start from transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, end on higher transverse processes. the capitus is highest, ending on mastoid process.
- Oblique Capitis Superior
- Transverse process of C1 to occipital bone. Inn Posterior Ramus of C1. f(x) extension of head and bends it to the same side
- Interspinalis MM
- (between the spines) from one spinous process to the next. hard to see between these. for minute adjustments of spine.
- Greater Occipital N
- Dorsal ramus of C2, cutaneous sensory branch to scalp.
- Vertebral A
- Transverses Transverse foraminal from C6 - C1. From C1 it abruptly travels horizontally at the deepest part of the occipital triangle to enter dura and supply brain & spinal cord.
- Oblique Capitis Inferior
- Spine of C2 to transverse process of C1. Inn Posterior Ramus of C1. f(x) rotation of face to same side.
- Splenius Cervicis
- (bandage) smaller of two; spine of T3/4 to transverse process of C1-3. Inn: cervical dorsal rami.
- Zygophyseal Joint
- Synovial joints between sup articular facets & inf articular facets of vertebrae
- Occipital Triangle
- Rectus capitus posterior MM, Obliquus capitus inferior, Obliquus capitis superior, Suboccipital MM, Vertebral A, Greater Occipital N, Suboccipital N
- Multifidus M
- (many parts) From transverse process to spine 3-4 levels above. Found in all parts of spine, biggest in lumbar area.
- Semispinalis M
- (next to the spines) Most superficial of Transversospinalis group. Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis. From transverse process of spine to a spinous process usually 5-8 levels above. Cervical part ends on C2 spine. Capitis ends ends on nuchal lines.
- Intertransversarius MM
- (between the transverse process) from one transverse process to the next. for minute adjustments of spine.