INto to O& Activity cont
Terms
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- true sceintest lean towards (1)
- quantitaive studies
- true (1)lean towards quantitative studies
- sceintest
- How would both qualitative and quantitative researchers look a stroke differently/
- (1)qualitative- would say use case studies w person in depth (2)quantitative would say what happens to 1,000 people that would have a stroke
-
NAME WHETHER IT IS QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE
this person would say use a case studies to look a people w strokes in depth - qualtitative
-
NAME WHETHER IT IS QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE
this person would say look at what happens to 1,000 people who have strokes - quantitaive
- How does occupation based analyis begin w?
- the person
- What does the occupation based anyalysis focus on?
- (1)the context in which the occupations is performed, including social demands (2)the motor, process, and communication skills needs for successful occupational performnace
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NAME
this focues on the context in which the occupation is performed, including social demands, and the motor, process, and communication skills needed for succesful occupational performance - occupatin based activity anaylysis
- Where did the study of occupation start from?
- nursing after the civil war
- What does occupation science offer OT? (2)
- (1)is way to help OT to draw studies (2)gives some creditability in the health care field
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NAME
this is a way to help OT to draw studies and gives us some creditability in the health care field - occupation science
- What are disciplines?
- is a group of like minded indivudals concerned w understanding particular phenomenas
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NAME
this is a group of like minded indivudals concerned w understanding particular phenomenas - disciplines
- Who was Porn?
- a philopsher who said people w impairments can learn many new skills in a specfic environment
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NAME
this person said people w impairments can learn many new skills in a specfic environments - Porn
- How do OT use space in therpay? (2)
- (1)we evaulte and treat the movements of the body in thier personal space (2)we acess and modify externally spaces
- What is one problem w trying to find a special place?
- soceity wants to make everything to be the same thing
- What are the specfic meaning home can have?
- (1)safety haven (2)familiar (3)love (4)comfort (5)memories
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NAME
this can provide a safety haven, familiar, love, comfort, and memories - home
- Where is the best place to get better?
- home
- What makes a community?
- (1)to share things (2)interdependence (3)a sense of belonging
-
NAME
to have this you need to share things, have interdepedence, and a sense of belonging - community
- We are no longer a culture of (1)
- survival
- Studies have shown that communites that value (1)and(2)havethe most thriving cultures
- art and enterment
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T or F
we are still a culture of survival - false
- To have a healthy community, they must (1)
- have a balance btwn the needs and quality of life
-
NAME
to have this you need a balance btwn the needs and quality of life - healthy community
- How long does human development ocur?
- all life
-
NAME
this is a lifelong process of changes - human development
- What is the differ btwn development and change? (4)
- (1)reversiblity (2)length of time (3)growth and maturation (4)distinctiveness
-
NAME
these terms differ by reversibility, distinctivness, length of time, growth, and maturation - development and change
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T or F
devlopment involves change and all change is development - false
- Does all change involve development?
- no
- What are (4) major perspectives on change occurs?
- (1)preformationist (2)maturationsit (3)environmentalist (4)interactionist
-
NAME
the major perspectives of this include preformationist, maturationist, environmentalist, and interactionist - persepctives on how change ocurs
- What is the preformationist view?
- this is the view that little children all miniature adults who acquire all thier lifetime characteristics at conception including body shape and personalitly
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NAME
in this veiw of human development, all little children are considered miniature adults who acquire all thier lifetime characterisitcs at conception including body shape and personlity - preformationist
- When was the preformationist veiw popular?
- during the middle ages until the 1800s
-
NAME
this view of human development was populare during the middle ages until the late 1800's - preformationist view
- What is the Maturationist view?
- they believed that human development was dictated by thier genes only
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NAME
they beleived taht human development was dictated by thier genes only - Maturationist view
- What is the environmentalism view?
- believed that human development is impacted only by ones environment
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NAME
they believed that human development is impacted only by ones environment - environmentalism
- Where did environmentalism get its orgin from?
- John Locke
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NAME
this view of human development got its orgin from John Locke - Environmentalism
- WHo was John Locke?
- he believed that all indivudals were born w a empty infleunce or tabula rasa and that human development was only impacted by ones environment
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NAME
he beliebed that all indivudals were born w a empty infleunce or tabula rasa and that human developmen was only impacted by ones environment - John Locke
- What is tabula rasa mean?
- is latin for blank slate
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NAME
this is latin for blank slate - tabula rasa
- What was the interactionist view?
- they believed that human development is influenced by both ones environment and genes
-
NAME
they believed that human's development is influenced by both ones environment and genes - interacitonist view of human developemnt
- What is genotype?
- refers to thier genetic make up
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NAME
this refers to ones genetic makeup - genotype
- What is phenotype?
- is the expression of ones genes in his or her environment
-
NAME
this is the expression of ones genes in his or her environment - phenotype
- What is maturation?
- refers developmental changes that are cuased or directed by genes
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NAME
this refers to developmental changes that are caused or directed by genes - maturation
- Most researchers lean toward an (1) of human development
- interactionist perspective
- (1) and (2) result from an interaction bwtn the indivdual and the environment
- occupational performance and occupational competence
-
NAME
this results from an interaction btwn the indivudual and the environment - occupational performance and occupational competence
- What equation did Lewin come up w in his field work?
- B= f (PE)
-
NAME
he came up w this B= f (PE) - Lewin
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What does the following symbols stand for?
B = f (PE) -
B= meaning behvaior
P= the function of the person
E= his or her environment - What is occupational development?
- is the gradual change in occupational behaviors over time resulting from growth and maturation of the indivdual in the interaction w the environment
-
NAME
is the gradual change in occupational behaviors over time resulting from growth and maturation of the indivdual in the interaction w the environment - occupational development
- What is the continuity theory?
- this theory states that both human development is a lifelong process
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NAME
this theory states that both human development is a lifelong process - continuity theory
- What is the multiple determinicity ?
- is the interactionist perspective that holds that no single factor but multople factors determine human development
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NAME
this is the interactionist perspective that holds that no single factor but multiple factors determine human development - multiple determinicity
- What are (3) theories talk about occupational development?
- (1)continuity theory (2)multiple determinicity (3)multiple patternicity
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NAME
these include continuity theory, multiple determinicity, and multiple patternicity - theories of human development
- According to the multople determinicty theory, what are the differ factors that can determine human development?
- (1)person determinants (2)environmental determinants
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NAME
this states that there are two main determinants of occupational development: personal determinants and environmental determinants - the multiple determinicity theory
- According the multiple determinants theory, what are the personal determinants that can influence occupational development?
- (1)heredity (2)learning/plasticity (3)active particpation
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NAME
according to this theory, there are (3)personal determinats that can infleunce occupational development: heredity, learning/plasticity and active particpation - the multiple determinicity theory
- According to the multiple determinicity theory, what are the differ environment determinants on occupational development? (2)
- (1)physical and social (2)historical and cultural
-
NAME
according to this theory, there are (2) enivornmental determinants of occupational development: physical and social, and historical and cultural - the multiple determinicity theory
- The ability to learn is a function of (1)
- neural plasticity
- (1) is a function of neural plasticity
- the ability to learn
- What is plasticity?
- a neuroscientfic term refering to the ability of the central nervous system to adapt structurally or functionally in response to environmental demands
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NAME
this is a neuroscientfic term refering to the ability of the central nervous system to adpat structurally or functionally in response to environmental demands - plasticity
- bc occupation involves active doing, it follows that occupational development must demand (1)
- active particpation
- (1)particpation is essential throughout life
- active
- Give a example of how person determinants can influence a occupational development
- some babies are born w learning disabilites
- Who is Vygootsky?
- wrote Mind in Society
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NAME
he wrote Mind in Society - Vygootsky
- What did the Mind in Society by Vygootsky say?
- said coginitve development ocurs in humans based on use of langauge, and the child's interactions
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NAME
his essay said that cognitive development occurs in humans based on the use of langauge and the child's interaction - Mind in Society by Vygootsky
- What is the zone of development?
- a theory that maintains that the learner follows the teacher
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NAME
this is a theory that maintains that the learner follows the teacher - zone of development
- What is scaffolding?
- is based on the belief that humans can acquire skills through a step by step process taht imrpoves thier competnece by allowing the indivual to move toward a goal of independent performance
-
NAME
this theory is based on the belief that humans can acquire skills through a step by step process taht imrpoves thier competnece by allowing the indivual to move toward a goal of independent performance - scaffolding
- According to the theory of multiple patternicity, what are (2)things that infleunce occupatinal development?
- (1)multiple varation (2)changing mastery
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NAME
according to this theory, multiple variation and changing the mastery can infleunce occupational development - multiple patternicity
- What is multiple variation?
- This states that occupational development is neither smooth nor undirectional and involving both decline and growth
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NAME
according to this theory, occupational development is neither smooth nor undirectional and involving both decline and growth - multiple variation
- What are (4) patterns that charaterize the development of various attributesm skills, and abilites? Describe what each one means
- (1)continous-means increase w age (2)step-means can increase, stop, and/or start (3)inverted-U shape-- first increase, reach a plateau, and then decrease (4)U shaped--decrease, are absent, then increase
- People are thought to have a natural drive for (1)
- mastery
- What are (3) sources of developmental tasks?
- (1)physcial maturation (2)sociocultural pressure (3)personal value and aspirations
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NAME
this has three sources: physical maturation, sociocultural pressure, and personal value and aspiration - developmental tasks
- According to Rubin, what are the structural charceristics of communites?
- (1)size (2)focus (3)relative stability (4)concrete social structure (5)particpative and congenial social interactions
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NAME
according to him, these are the key charceristics of this, size, focus, relative stability, concerete social structure, particpative and cogenial social interactions - Rubin's key structural charceristics of communities
- According to Rubin, what the size of a community be like?
- it must be intermediat--thus small enough to provide a sense of community and large enough to enable members to feel they are part of a larger social structure
- According to Rubin, what must the focus of a community be like?
- it must address some important central problems of social life to help memembers feel connected to the larger society
- According to Rubin, what must the social struture of a community be like?
- people must be able to interact and id w each other
- According to Rubin, what must the social interaciton in a community be like?
- interations must be primary and secoundary and allow for social structure
- Who was Rubin?
- he came up w key strutural charateristics of communities
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NAME
he came up w key structural charateristics of communities - Rubin
- What is interdepedence?
- is the fundamental experience of satisfaction of being and doing w others in shared occupations
-
NAME
this is the fundamental expereince of satisfaction of being and doing w others in shared occupations - interdepedence
- What is sense of community?
- is the feeling of safe and being supported by a group engenders feelings of loyalty and attachment
-
NAME
is the feeling of safe and being supported by a group engenders feelings of loylatly and attachment - sense of community
- What are (4) ways to generate a sense of community?
- (1)create a sense of belonging (2)fulfilling memembers needs (3)by providing infleunce (4)by offering shared connections
-
NAME
the following can generate this:
create a sense of belonging, fullfilling memembers needs, by providing infleunce, and by offering shared connections - sense of community
- What is a agency?
- refers to the mastery, self-assertionm and capacity of indivudals to reason and expert power through thought, language, and action
-
NAME
refers to the mastery, self-assertionm and capacity of indivudals to reason and expert power through thought, language, and action - agency
- What is communion?
- this refers to the joining w others to become part of a large whole
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NAME
this refers to the joining of others to become a part of the large whole - communion
- What is the broken window hypothesis?
- this theory suggests that when structural disorders occur in neighborhoods, crime rises
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NAME
this theory suggests that when structural disorders occur in neighborhoods, crime rises - the broken window hypothesis
- What is a meme?
- refers to an idea, belief, or other bit of info that is replicated through transmission to others immediatley over time
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NAME
this refers to an idea, belief, or other bit of info that is replicated through transmission to others immediatley over time - meme
- What is memetics?
- is the science that studies the process and impact of idea generation and adoption
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NAME
is the science that studies the process and impact of idea generation and adoption - memetics
- What is sociobiology?
- is a traditional field consisting of reserach on biological evolultion as a basis of group living, through many disciplines
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NAME
is a traditional field consisting of reserach on biological evolultion as a basis of group living, through many disciplines - sociobiology
- What is ecological niche?
- refers to the environments or conditons to which particular species can succesfully adapt
-
NAME
this refers to the environments or conditions to which particular species can succesfully adapt - ecological niche
- What is competition?
- refers to the rivarly or struggle btwn or w/in species to secure resources natural for surivial
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NAME
this refers to rivarly or struggle btwn or w/in species to secure resources natural for survival - competition
- Cooperation is also known as the(1)
- Alle effect
- (1) is also known as Alle effect
- cooperation
- What is cooperation?
- occurs when mememebers of a species work together to ensure reproduction and survival
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NAME
this ocurs when memebers of a species work together to ensure reproduction and survival - cooperation
- What is altruism?
- is the willingness of an organism to cooperate w anther for survival
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NAME
is the willingness of an organism to cooperate w another for survival - altruism
- What is the free rider problem?
- is the biological tendency to compete for advantage and survival results in attempts of some group memembers to take advantange of those efforts
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NAME
this is the biological tendency to compete for advantage and survival results in attempts of some group memembers to take advantange of those efforts - free rider problem
- What words does adaptation come from ?
- is formed by the combo of Latin words ad + aptus which together mean toward a particular fit
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NAME
this is formed by the combo of Latin words ad + aptus which together mean toward a particular fit - adapatation
- What does exaptations mean?
- refers to evolved traits that are functional
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NAME
this refers to evolved traits that are functional - exapatations
- Give ex of exaptations
- the ability of fingers to hold pencils
-
NAME
a ex of this is the ability of fingers to hold penicls - exaptations
- What is the game theory?
- is the mathematical study of games and strategy
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nAME
this is the mathematical study of games and strategy - game theory
- What is the Prisoner's dilemma?
- is a theory that states that players are better off if they select strategies of cooperation rather than competition
-
NAME
is a theory that states that players are better off if they select strategies of cooperation rather than competition - Prisoner's dilemma
- What is sustainabiliy?
- is the idea of conserving natural resources
-
NAME
this is the idea of conserving natural resources - sustainability
- What is the healthy communities movement?
- was started by the WHO to get everyone (meaning health instuitions, gov and non -profit angenices, communites,and the indivudal ) to be healthier
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NAME
this was started by the WHO to get everyone (meaning health instuitions, gov and non -profit angenices, communites,and the indivudal ) to be healthier - the healthy communites movement
-
NAME
this type of occupation can build cooperation and enhance the social and possibly the economic strength of the community - volunteer occupation
-
NAME
this is the most pubicly recognized occupation - work
- What is the concept of mass society?
- refers to communites and socites that are deterioted to the point where there is a weak kinship, impersonal neigherhood, and feelings by indivudals of isolated and alienated bc of the increased sizes of cities due to industralization
-
NAME
this refers to communites and socites that are deterioted to the point where there is a weak kinship, impersonal neigherhood, and feelings by indivudals of isolated and alienated bc of the increased sizes of cities due to industralization - the concept of mass society
- What is social capital?
- is a set of informal values shared amoung memebers of a group that permits operation amoung them
-
NAME
this is a set of informal values shared amoung memembers of a group that permitss operation amoung them - social capital
- (1)is often called qualitiative
- naturalistice paradigm
- Natrualistic paradigm is often called (1)
- qualtitiative
- Postivistic paradigm is often called (1)
- quantitative
- (1)is often called quantitative
- postivistic paradigm
- What is the differ btwn Anetnvsky and the humanistic view of well being / a good life?
- (1)Antenvsky-- wellbeing is managable, comprehesible, and meaningful (2)humanistics said the good life is-- our physical settings, the activties we particpate in, our philosophical understanding, and our social harmony