Government Chapter 19 & 20
Terms
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- Qualities of the Constitution
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1. provides a basic framework for govt
2. leaves details to be imposed by statutory law
3. makes direct grants of authority to specific institution
4. provides a means for orderly change in and of govt
5. should be restrictive, requiring continual modifications to meet contemporary requirements - statutory law
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law enacted by legislative body
- constitution
- document setting the legal framework for a political system, establishing governmental bodies and defining their power
- TX constituitions
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1. one of the most difficult- 90,000
- constitution of 1872- coahuila y tejas
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1. tx was part of mx
2. laws were in spanish; anglo-tx were not subject to all laws
3. catholicism was the state religion
4. unicameral congress
5. 12 deputies- 2 from tx
6. governor and vice governor
7. increase of anglo immigration; concept of westward expansion, mx decided to be more restrictive with laws - the constitution of the republic of texas- 1836
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1. republic constitution
2. came out of conflict
3. bicameral congress
4. slaver was legal; no importation of outside slavery
5. no official religion
6. elected president - federalism
- constitutional arrangement in which power is formally divided between national and subnational governments
- republic of texas
- the period during which texas was an independent natoin
- constitution of 1845
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tx joins union; 28th state
bicameral congress; meet every 2 years
could be divided into as many as 5 states
governor and lieutenant governor; elected; appointed secretary of state and attorney general with senate confirmation - civil war constitution-1861
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tx secedes from the union
civil war constitution
pledge allegiance to the confederate by public officials
slavery was legal
greater protection given to slavery
2 party system destroyed over issues of slavery/secession - secession
- withdrawal from the union
- confederacy
- a national government created by states that relies on the states for its authority
- constitution of 1866
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tx rejoins the union
tx has a provisional govt and a military govt to reintegrate rebel states into the union
slavery abolished
repudiation of the secession ordinance of 1861
repudiation of the debt from the confederacy - radical reconstructionists
- the group of republicans who took control of the U.S. congress in 1866 and imposed military governments on the former confederate states after the civil war
- reconstruction constitution-1869
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tx adds to the 1866 to further comply with the union
uses the constitution of 1845 as a model
local govt was weakened, more powers to the state
governor serves 4 terms
elected president
governor allowed to appoint officials including the judiciary
centralized statewide educational system
slaves receive the right to vote
legislative meet annually
- grange
- organization formed int eh late nineteenth century to improve the lot of farms; limited taxes, govt spending, restricted big business like banks and railroads in the tx constitution 1876
- complete overhaul of constitution
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make into what is desired; make it modern
time consuming
who will be in charge of the rewrite; conflict of interest
- limited govt
- constitutional principle restricting govtal authority and spelling out personal rights
- decentralization
- proposed reform for govt agencies intended to increase efficiency in administration and create closer contacts with the local public; permits regional and local offices to manage their own performances without close supervision form headquarters
- initiative
- procedure by which voters propose constitutional amendments or other laws through petitions subject to adoption by a popular vote
- referendum
- vote by the general electorate on a public policy issue, such as a constitutional amendment or statute
- right to work law
- law prohibiting the requirement that a person join a union in order to hold or get a job
- deregulation
- a lessening of govt control over the actions of business and industry
- urban
- area in and around major cities
- myth of origin
- a commonly accepted, traditional story of how texas came to be
- individualism
- attitude, rooted in classical liberal theory and reinforced by the frontier traditions that citizens are capable of taking care of themselves with minimal govtal assistance
- urbanization
- process by which a predominately rural society or area becomes urban
- population density
- number of residents living within the boundaries of a city, county, or state in relationship to the land area; a significant factor in determining the level of local public services
- high tech
- new tech based on scientific research
- bio tech
- producing vaccine/medicine and genetic engineering
- ramifications of population
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increase of hispanic culture
economic; job loss, demand for more goods, spending more money
social; ride in catholicism; assimilation of cultures; education
political; immigrants cannot vote, certain elites are in charge, voting is not a high priority because of coming from corrupt govt - houston
- ports (2nd largest), NASA
- upper rio grande
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agriculture
manufacturing - metroplex
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financial
business - high plains
- agriculture
- south tx border
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poorest counties in tx
high unemployment
large hispanic population
agriculture
livestock
food processing plants - individualistic subculture
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govt should interfere in private activities as little as possible but make public accommodations
ex: only basic needs programs - moralistic subculture
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it is the govt duty to provide for the welfare of its citizens
ex: church, bible belt, charity - traditionalistic subculture
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govt should be ran by few elites
public influence is limited
ex: tx board of education - why increase
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birth rate
migration/immigration
culture
large families
religion
seeking jobs because of economy
education
tx geography
large companies - hispanics
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latin america
spain
tx originally part of mx
near tx/mx border - asian americans
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railroads brought asians to the U.S.
1% increase each decade
political refugees
changing in immigration policy - political culture
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a set of attitudes and sentiments that give order to the political process
beliefs of how the public thinks govt should run; more state rights; tx thinks they can secede; less govt - native americans
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once had 23 tribes
now only 3; tigua, kickapoo, alabama-coushatta
trail of tears - trail of tears
- many native americans were kicked off their land and they perished as a result from diseases
- demographics
- population characteristics
- african americans
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brought by slavery to cultivate cotton
live predominately in urban areas
tx population % close to national %